Figure 3. In (a) and (b), the standardized associations (β±95% CI) between measures of brain-age delta validation variables for (a) CU individuals and (b) MCI individuals.

Variables include AD biomarkers and risk factors: amyloid-β status, AT stages and APOE status; and neurodegeneration markers (available in ALFA + and ADNI): CSF NfL, plasma NfL and aging signature change. The analyses included age and sex as covariates. Sample size for each variable can be seen in Table 4.