. 2023 Apr 17;12:e81067. doi: 10.7554/eLife.81067

Table 4. Relationships between validation variables and brain-age delta for all CU and MCI individuals.

Model		β	SE	P-Value	[0.025]	[0.975]	N	Effect size	FDR corr P-Value
CU Individuals
Amyloid-β pathology (ref: A-)		0.234	0.047	<0.001	0.140	0.325	1634	0.222	<0.001
Amyloid-β / Tau pathology (ref: A-T-)	A+T-	0.2023	0.059	<0.001	0.015	0.394	1162	0.275	<0.001
Amyloid-β / Tau pathology (ref: A-T-)	A+T +	0.310	0.096	0.003	0.101	0.500	1162	0.300	0.008
APOE status (ref: APOE-ε33)	APOE-ε2	–0.124	0.082	0.130	–0.321	0.334	1634	0.122	0.227
	APOE-ε4	0.173	0.052	0.001	0.071	0.274		0.172	0.003
	APOE-ε24	0.012	0.144	0.936	–0.271	0.294		0.011	0.999
WMH volume ^*		0.160	0.030	<0.001	0.111	0.231	972	0.028	<0.001
CSF NfL ^†		0.079	0.049	0.112	–0.019	0.176	378	0.006	0.209
Plasma NfL ^†		0.154	0.045	0.001	0.066	0.242	508	0.024	0.003
Brain Atrophy ^†		0.053	0.048	0.272	–0.041	0.146	152	0.003	0.415
MCI Individuals
Amyloid-β pathology		0.640	0.089	<0.001	0.465	0.816	218	0.665	<0.001
Amyloid-β / Tau pathology (ref: A-T-)	A+T-	0.564	0.109	<0.001	0.350	0.778	218	0.592	<0.001
Amyloid-β / Tau pathology (ref: A-T-)	A+T +	0.720	0.102	<0.001	0.519	0.920	218	0.720	<0.001
APOE status (ref: APOE-ε33)	APOE-ε2	0.007	0.167	0.968	–0.273	0.978	218	0.001	0.999
	APOE-ε4	0.273	0.093	0.003	0.091	0.456		0.281	0.008
	APOE-ε24	0.352	0.319	0.269	–0.273	0.978		0.359	0.415
WMH volume		0.222	0.054	<0.001	0.117	0.327	191	0.040	<0.001
Plasma NfL ^‡		0.242	0.067	<0.001	0.110	0.374	134	0.046	<0.001

Notes: Relationships between validation variables and Brain-Age delta from all CU pooled subjects (including ALFA+, ADNI, EPAD and OASIS) and all MCI pooled subjects (including ADNI and EPAD). Results given by the linear model: brain-age delta ~each variable +chronological age+sex. The regression coefficients (β), standard errors (SE), P-value, 95% Confidence Interval, number of individuals (N) and effect size are depicted for each variable.

Significant values after FDR correction (P<0.05) are marked in bold.

Effect size in categorical variables was calculated as Cohen’s D, while Cohens f² was calculated for continuous measurements. Amyloid-β status was defined by CSF (ALFA+, ADNI, and EPAD) or amyloid PET (OASIS). MCI individuals only contained individuals from ADNI and EPAD.

APOE, apolipoprotein E; WMH, White Matter Hyperintensities; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NfL, neurofilament light; ref, reference.

Contains data from ALFA+, ADNI and EPAD.

^†

Contains data from ALFA +and ADNI.

^‡

Contains data from ADNI.