Table 3.
Cost-effectiveness results
| Comparator | Intervention | Incremental DALYs averted | Incremental costs (US$, 2020 prices) | ICER (US$/DALY averted) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Lower | Upper | Mean | Lower | Upper | Mean | Lower | Upper | ||
| No critical care | EECC | 3.45 | 0.11 | 14.09 | 85.63 | −17.02 | 284.20 | 36.69 | −9.46 | 790.53 |
| ACC | 4.32 | 0.23 | 17.25 | 581.89 | 109.62 | 4404.91 | 186.26 | 8.61 | 3084.61 | |
| District hospital-level critical care | EECC | 3.58 | 0.20 | 13.22 | 38.57 | −98.30 | 207.83 | 14.45 | −200.25 | 262.56 |
| ACC | 4.61 | 0.42 | 15.70 | 532.11 | −41.01 | 3932.27 | 144.48 | −19.86 | 1294.19 | |
All results are presented at the individual level; ‘lower’ denotes the lower range and ‘upper’ denotes the upper range
Costs are reported in US$
All incremental results are relative to a ‘no intervention’ base-case within each comparator. ACC constitutes EECC in combination with more advanced organ support. EECC is delivered to both severe and critical COVID-19 patients, whereas ACC is only delivered to critical COVID-19 patients
DALYs disability-adjusted life-year, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, EECC Essential Emergency and Critical Care, ACC advanced critical care, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019