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. 2023 May 12;14(5):321. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05843-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — hUC-MSCs release a variety of bioactive molecules to the skeletal muscle cells of AAS mice through the secretome. The satellite cells in the muscle cells are located between the basal lamina (BL) and the muscle fiber sarcolemma (MFS), where they interact with the matrix components of the niche. The satellite cells expressing Pax-7 at rest bind to collagen and laminin. In addition, MFS is connected to BL through the dystroglycan complex and laminin, and the dystrophin complex is combined with the F-actin cytoskeleton through dystrophin. Within the muscle nucleus, the secretory molecules of hUC-MSCs promote muscle autophagy and slow down aging by down-regulating the levels of p53, as well as its downstream molecules p21 and p16.