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. 2023 May 12;13:7743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33485-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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aPKC regulates mechanical resilience of stratified epithelial sheets. (a) Example of stratified keratinocyte sheet mounted in the tissue stretcher before (pre-) and after (post-) rupture. (b) Measured force over time while stretching with constant speed. (c) Quantification of the fold change of the area under the curve (AUC) from (b), normalized to the Ctr AUC mean value. With Mann–Whitney test for n = 8 (Ctr) and n = 9 (aPKCλ^−/−). (d) Quantification of the maximum force that was reached during stretching, prior to sheet rupture. With Mann–Whitney test for n = 8 (Ctr) and n = 9 (aPKCλ^−/−). Dots represent biological replicates. (e) Dispase assay with stratified keratinocyte multilayers (48 h Ca²⁺) after detachment upon dispase treatment. Images: Examples of sheets after end over end rotation, pre and post sonication. Graph: Quantification of sheet fragments upon sonication. *p < 0.05 with ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test for n = 16 (Ctr), n = 5 (aPKCζ^−/−), n = 10 (aPKCλ^−/−), n = 10 (aPKC^dKO). (f) Dispase assay with keratinocyte monolayers (6 h Ca²⁺) after detachment upon dispase treatment. Images: Examples of sheets after end over end rotation. Graph: Quantification of sheet fragments upon end over end rotation. n = 13 (Ctr), n = 9 (aPKC^dKO).