Table 1.

Demographic, clinical, and substance use characteristics of the study participants from two separate cohorts self-reporting tobacco smoking at their study visit, or not.

	CARMA-PREG			CARMA-CORE
	Smokers (n = 43)	Non-smokers (n = 57)	p-value	Smokers (n = 50)	Non-smokers (n = 50)	p-value
Age (years)	31 ± 5 (17–42)	33 ± 5 (21–45)	0.138	42 ± 9 (17–75)	38 ± 16 (17–75)	0.132
Weeks of Gestation at Visita	34 ± 2 (30–38)	34 ± 2 (28–38)	0.854
Female sex	43 (100)	57 (100)	1.000	25 (50)	26 (52)	1.000
Smoking intensity
Heavy (> 20 cig/day)	3 (7)			7 (14)
Moderate (2–20 cig/day)	28 (65)			29 (58)
Light (< 2 cig/day)	3 (7)			11 (22)
No intensity data	9 (21)			3 (6)
Study site			0.284
Vancouver	38 (88)	54 (95)		50 (100)	50 (100)
Montreal	5 (12)	3 (5)
Ethnicity			< 0.001			< 0.001
White	19 (44)	26 (46)		25 (50)	20 (40)
African Caribbean Black	2 (5)	15 (26)		3 (6)	3 (6)
Indigenous	19 (44)	4 (7)		20 (40)	8 (16)
Asian/Other	3 (7)	12 (21)		2 (4)	19 (38)
Income < $15,000 CAD/yeara	31 (74)	17 (30)	< 0.001	37 (77)	10 (23)	< 0.001
HIV + status	37 (86)	39 (68)	0.058	25 (50)	18 (36)	0.225
Substance use
Illicit drugsa,b	23 (54)	4 (7)	< 0.001	22 (44)	3 (6)	< 0.001
Alcohol	17 (40)	16 (28)	0.284	27 (54)	36 (72)	0.097
Cannabisa	9 (21)	6 (11)	0.168	21 (42)	8 (16)	0.008

Data are presented as mean ± SD (range) or n (%). Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test used.

^aData was missing for the following groups CARMA-PREG smokers; CARMA-PREG non-smokers; CARMA-CORE smokers; CARMA-CORE non-smokers for weeks of gestation at visit n = 0; 3; N/A; N/A, income < $15,000 CAD/year n = 1; 1; 2; 6, illicit drug use n = 0; 0; 0; 1, and cannabis use n = 0; 0; 0; 1.

^bIllicit drugs includes cocaine, heroin, crack, and methamphetamine.