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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2018 Oct 28;165(3):657–663. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.09.008

Table 4.

Multivariable model: Factors associated with carcinoid syndrome.

Factor OR 95% Cl P value

Age 0.988 0.975–1.002 .105
Sex
 Female Reference
 Male 0.751 0.509–1.106 .147
Race
 Nonwhite Reference
 White 1.803 1.031–3.153 .039
Location
 Pancreas Reference
 Foregut 2.297 1.061–4.973 .035
 Midgut 3.454 2.195–5.436 <. 001
 Hindgut 2.594 0.735 –9.153 .138
 Unknown primary 7.438 3.795–14.578 <. 001
Liver metastasis
 No Reference
 Yes 3.984 2.686–5.910 <. 001
Lymph node
 N0/Nx Reference
 N1 1.613 1.063–2.449 .025