Table 5.
Changes in the indexes related to weight control at time 1, time 2, and time 3 compared with baseline for the participants in all 3 groupsa.
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|
Group DPIb | Group PIc | Group Cd | F test (df) | P value | |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
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|
Time 1, mean (SD) | 70.45 (9.12)e | 70.56 (9.68) | 70.02 (10.19)f | 0.006 (641) | .994 |
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|
Time 2, mean (SD) | 68.90 (8.91) | 69.70 (9.45) | 69.85 (10.27) | 0.643 (641) | .53 |
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|
Time 3, mean (SD) | 66.35 (8.85)g | 69.55 (9.56)h | 69.68 (10.08) | 8.881 (641) | <.001i |
|
|
F test (df) | 12.682 (236) | 0.655 (202) | 0.377 (201) | N/Aj | N/A |
|
|
P value | <.001i | .52 | .69 | N/A | N/A |
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|
MD12k (time 2 − time 1) | −1.56 (1.22)f,h | −0.86 (1.30) | −0.66 (3.53) | 9.829 (641) | <.001i |
|
|
MD13l (time 3 − time 1) | −4.11 (1.45)f,h | −1.01 (1.70) | −0.83 (2.00) | 257.541 (641) | <.001i |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
|
|
Time 1, mean (SD) | 27.61 (2.23)e | 27.66 (2.99) | 27.83 (2.75)f | 0.382 (641) | .68 |
|
|
Time 2, mean (SD) | 27.01 (2.19)m,h | 27.33 (2.92) | 27.56 (2.75) | 2.506 (641) | .08 |
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|
Time 3, mean (SD) | 26.00 (2.22)g,f,n | 27.26 (2.90)h | 27.49 (2.66) | 21.432 (641) | <.001i |
|
|
F test (df) | 32.139 (236) | 1.075 (202) | 0.852 (201) | N/A | N/A |
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P value | <.001i | .34 | .43 | N/A | N/A |
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|
MD12 (time 2 − time 1) | −0.61 (0.47)f,h | −0.33 (0.51) | −0.27 (1.35) | 9.981 (641) | <.001i |
|
|
MD13 (time 3 − time 1) | −1.61 (0.57)f,h | −0.40 (0.67) | −0.33 (0.78) | 253.683 (641) | <.001i |
| Waistline (cm) | ||||||
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Time 1, mean (SD) | 93.82 (8.24)e | 95.05 (8.14) | 95.31 (7.91)f | 2.158 (641) | 1.00 |
|
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Time 2, mean (SD) | 93.38 (7.91) | 94.73 (8.10) | 95.02 (7.76) | 2.763 (641) | .06 |
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Time 3, mean (SD) | 91.06 (8.55)g | 94.91 (8.10)h | 95.37 (7.86) | 21.043 (641) | <.001i |
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|
F test (df) | 7.698 (236) | 0.080 (202) | 0.487 (201) | N/A | N/A |
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|
P value | <.001i | .92 | .62 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
MD12 (time 2 − time 1) | −0.44 (5.17) | −0.32 (4.67) | −0.30 (5.07) | 0.057 (641) | .94 |
|
|
MD13 (time 3 − time 1) | −2.76 (5.60)f,h | −0.12 (4.84) | 0.47 (5.16) | 24.219 (641) | <.001i |
| Waist-hip ratiom | ||||||
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|
Time 1, mean (SD) | 0.92 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.05)e,f | 1.440 (641) | .24 |
|
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Time 2, mean (SD) | 0.94 (0.07) | 0.94 (0.07) | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.840 (641) | <.001i |
|
|
Time 3, mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.94 (0.06) | 3.583 (641) | .03i |
|
|
F test (df) | 2.980 (236) | 2.613 (202) | 4.432 (201) | N/A | N/A |
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|
P value | .05 | .07 | .01i | N/A | N/A |
|
|
MD12 (time 2 − time 1) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.589 (641) | .56 |
|
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MD13 (time 3 − time 1) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.06) | 1.261 (641) | .28 |
aValues presented as the mean (SD) were compared using the method of repeated measurement analysis (ANOVA).
bGroup DPI: remote dietary and physical activity intervention group.
cGroup PI: remote physical activity intervention group.
dGroup C: control group.
eStatistically significant differences existed between time 1 and time 2.
fStatistically significant differences existed in the mean difference between group DPI and group C.
gStatistically significant differences existed between time 2 and time 3.
hStatistically significant differences existed in the mean difference between group DPI and group PI.
iStatistically significant differences: P<.05.
jN/A: not applicable.
kMD12: mean difference between time 1 and time 2.
lMD13: mean difference between time 1 and time 3.
mStatistically significant differences existed between time 1 and time 3.
nStatistically significant differences existed in the mean difference between group PI and group C.