Table 4.
Different outcome in the studied groups
| Parameters | Citicoline group | Control group | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with seizures during trteatment: N (%) | 8 (20%) | 15 (37.5%) | 0.04 |
| Type of seizures: N (%) | |||
| -No seizure | 32 (80%) | 25 (62.5%) | 0.092 |
| -Focal | 2 (5%) | 4 (10%) | |
| -GTCs | 6 (15%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| -Focal clonic | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| -Myoclonic | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| - Clonic | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| - Focal & GTCs | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| Seizure duration (min) | 2 (0.2 – 15.0) | 6 (1 – 15.0) | 0.02 |
| Number of patients with post discharge seizure | 2 (5.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.006 |
| Duration of NICU stay (days) | 25.58 ± 9.36 | 34.43 ± 13.53 | 0.001 |
| Number of patients who needed inotropes | 9 (22.5%) | 20 (50%) | 0.011 |
| Duration of inotropes(hours) | 12.0 (1.0 – 72.0) | 24.0 (3.0 – 96.0) | 0.032 |
| Duration of MV (days) | 10.85 ± 3.21 | 21.50 ± 6.64 | < 0.001 |
| Cranial US on discharge: N (%) | |||
|
-Normal - Abnormal |
32 (80%) 4 periventricular leukoencephalopathy (10%) 4 periventricular leukomalacia (10%) |
22 (55%) 9 periventricular leukoencephalopathy (22.5%) 8 periventricular leukomalacia (20%) 1 cortical atrophy (2.5%) |
0.006 |
| MRI brain on discharge: N (%) | |||
|
-Normal - Abnormal |
30 (75%) 4 periventricular leukoencephalopathy (10%) 4 periventricular leukomalacia (10%) 2 cortical atrophy (5%) (1 of them had caudate nucleus changes) |
19 (47.5%) 21 (52.5%) 9 periventricular leukoencephalopathy (22.5%) 8 periventricular leukomalacia (20%) 4 cortical atrophy (10%) (1 of them had focal changes in the lateral thalamus and lentiform nucleus) |
0.001 |
GTCs generalized tonic clonic convulsions, NICU neonatal intensive care unit, MV mechanical ventilation, US ultrasound, MRI magnetic resonance imaging