Table 2.

The specific features of renal stones

Reference	CEUS-guided PCNL/US-guided PCNL
	Multiple stones, n	Location, n	Degree of hydronephrosis	Right side, n	Mean stone size (mm)
Guo et al. (2020) [8]	NA	Renal pelvic:3/4	NA	11/13	27.6/27.2
		Partial staghorn:14/11
		complete staghorn:3/4
		Renal pelvis and calyceal:10/11
Liu et al. (2022) [9]	NA	Renal pelvic:2/1	None:21/21	17/19	37.6/36.5
		calyceal:3/4	Mild:15/15
		Renal Pelvis and calyceal:10/10
		Partial staghorn:8/11
		complete staghorn:13/10
Xia et al. (2021) [10]	17/14	Upper calyx:10/12	NA	40/36	23/22
		Middle calyx:11/11
		Lower calyx:13/15
		Renal pelvis:26/24
Liu et al. (2021) [11]	NA	NA	None:15/16	15/15	39.3/35.8
			Mild:9/8

CEUS: contrast-enhanced ultrasound; US: ultrasound; NA: not available