Fig. 7.

A Schematic illustration of double imprinting-based electrochemical detection of mimetic exosomes with size distributed nanoparticles. B Preparation of the exosome-binding cavity by molecular imprinting with post-imprinting in-cavity modifications (PIMs). C Antibody-conjugated signaling nanocavities for sensing intact small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) fabricated by molecular imprinting-based dynamic molding chemical nanoprocessing. (i) Dynamic molding nanoprocessing. (ii) Postchemical nanoprocessing. (iii) Scanning electron microscopic and fluorescence images during the dynamic molding nanoprocessing approach. D Tear sEV detection procedure. A Reproduced with permission from [110], published by Elsevier 2020. B Reproduced with permission from [112], published by John Wiley and Sons 2019. C, D Reproduced with permission from [113], published by The American Chemical Society 2020