Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data.
| TCC (n = 21) | HEW (n = 19) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Female sex, n (%) | 17 (81) | 15 (79) | 0.59 |
| Age (yrs) | 67.1 ± 7.4 | 68.2 ± 5.4 | 0.29 |
| Education (yrs) | 15.9 ± 2.0 | 16.1 ± 2.1 | 0.69 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 16 (76) | 17 (90) | 1.00 |
| Asian | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | |
| Black | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Homework (d/wk) | 4.48 ± 2.34 | 4.26 ± 3.05 | 0.92 |
| HAMD | |||
| Pre-intervention | 18.6 ± 3.9 | 18.1 ± 3.3 | 0.64 |
| Post-intervention | 8.7 ± 5.9 | 10.0 ± 4.5 | 0.28 |
| GDS | |||
| Pre-intervention | 15.6 ± 6.1 | 14.2 ± 7.0 | 0.58 |
| Post-intervention | 9.7 ± 6.6 | 12.9 ± 7.3 | 0.02 |
| CDRISC | |||
| Pre-intervention | 61.9 ± 13.4 | 60.6 ± 14.6 | 1.00 |
| Post-intervention | 65.0 ± 14.5 | 61.8 ± 14.9 | 0.51 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Group differ- ences in post-intervention scores were evaluated controlling for pre- intervention values. fIn the TCC group, one participant did not complete the post-intervention language assessment.
Abbreviations: TCC, Tai Chi Chih (TCC); HEW, health education and wellness training; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CDRISC, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.