Table 1.

Evidence of glioma-induced cerebral plasticity-Network level studies.

Study	Patients [number]	Gliomagrade	Imaging modality	Function/network	Key findings
Piai et al., 2020	14	LGG, HGG	MEG	Language	Evidence of presurgical plasticity with the right hemisphere performing similar neuronal computations as the left dominant hemisphere
Thiel et al., 2001	61	LGG	PET	Language	Evidence of intra- and interhemispheric compensation with recruitment of atypical language areas and frontolateral activation in the nondominant hemisphere
Southwell et al., 2016	18	LGG, HGG	DES	Language, sensory, motor	Preservation of neurological function despite cortical function loss in the primary motor and somatosensory areas during repeat surgery
Gibb et al., 2020	6	HGG	DES	Somatosensory, motor	Evidence of plasticity in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices of glioblastoma patients
Aabedi et al., 2021	12	LGG, HGG	DES	Language	Glioma-infiltrated cortex recruits a diffuse broader network of atypical cortical regions and participates in coordinated neural responses during speech production
Rosenberg et al., 2008	1	LGG	fMRI	Language	Compensation exerted by right hemisphere is incomplete; Change in language-related laterality from left to right corresponded to a decline in language function
Traut et al., 2019	73	LGG, HGG	MEG	Language	Robust involvement of contralateral homotopic language areas in functional reorganization
Bulubas et al., 2020	78	LGG, HGG	MEG	Motor	Both contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortices can compensate for impaired function in the primary motor cortex of brain tumor patients
Vassal et al., 2017	6	LGG	fMRI	Sensorimotor	Increased interhemispheric connectivity between the primary sensorimotor cortex ipsilateral to the tumor and the contralateral SMA correlates with rapid motor recovery
Acioly et al., 2015	1	LGG	fMRI	Sensorimotor	Functional motor recovery correlated with a shift of SMA activation to the contralateral hemisphere concomitant with an increase in the lateral premotor circuitry
Rosenberg et al., 2010	26	LGG, HGG	fMRI	Language, Motor	Greater SMA activation in the lesioned hemisphere correlated with motor and language recovery
Duffau et al., 2002	3	LGG	DES	Language, Sensorimotor	Evidence of surgical resection-induced functional reorganization in the peritumoral and infiltrated brain region
Bulubas et al., 2016	100	LGG, HGG	nTMS	Motor	Evidence of significant contribution of ipsilateral secondary motor areas such as premotor cortex in patients with motor eloquent brain tumors