Table 5. Association between eye dryness and used devices, purpose of use, and sleep-wake quality.
*: statistically significant
| Characteristic | Eye dryness | P value | ||
| No symptoms, N = 736 | Mild to moderate symptoms, N = 664 | Severe symptoms, N = 193 | ||
| Device on which maximum time was spent | ||||
| Laptop/Desktop | 147 (58.1%) | 82 (32.4%) | 24 (9.5%) | < 0.001* |
| Mobile Phone | 441 (48.2%) | 378 (41.3%) | 96 (10.5%) | |
| Tablet/iPad | 125 (32.6%) | 189 (49.2%) | 70 (18.2%) | |
| Television | 23 (56.1%) | 15 (36.6%) | 3 (7.3%) | |
| Purpose | ||||
| Social media | 567 (46.8%) | 508 (41.9%) | 137 (11.3%) | 0.2 |
| Studies | 484 (41%) | 526 (44.5%) | 171 (14.5%) | < 0.001* |
| Movies | 272 (41.5%) | 302 (46.1%) | 81 (12.4%) | 0.005* |
| Gaming | 160 (42.8%) | 172 (46%) | 42 (11.2%) | 0.2 |
| Sleep-wake score | 31.4 ± 8.1 | 35.8 ± 8.2 | 39.5 ± 9.2 | < 0.001* |
| Overall sleep-wake score | 34.2 ± 8.8 | |||
| Sleep-wake | ||||
| Good sleep-wake quality | 134 (72%) | 44 (23.7%) | 8 (4.3%) | < 0.001* |
| Mild sleep-wake difficulties | 90 (58.8%) | 54 (35.3%) | 9 (5.9%) | |
| Moderate sleep-wake difficulties | 98 (53.3%) | 68 (37%) | 18 (9.8%) | |
| Severe sleep-wake difficulties | 414 (38.7%) | 498 (46.5%) | 158 (14.8%) | |
| Eye fatigue | 243 (33.0%) | 526 (79.2%) | 175 (90.7%) | < 0.001* |
| Eye dryness score | 9.5 ± 2.5 | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 18.3 ± 3.5 | <0.001* |
| Overall eye dryness score | 7.2 ± 5.9 | |||