Table 2.
Results of generalized non-linear mixed effects models examining associated factors of medication nonadherence among pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome (n = 225 patients, n = 743 observations)
| Main effects |
Interactions with age |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Unadjusted | ||||
| Age at survey (per 1y)a | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 0.84 (0.39–1.85) | 0.67 | 1.02 (0.94–1.1) | 0.68 |
| Race | ||||
| Black vs. White | 1.62 (0.65–4) | 0.30 | 0.98 (0.9–1.06) | 0.58 |
| Other vs. White | 1.2 (0.35–4.09) | 0.77 | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 0.51 |
| Hispanic | 0.64 (0.24–1.72) | 0.37 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.03 |
| Duration of disease at survey (per 1y)a | 1.11 (1.03–1.2) | 0.01 | ||
| Treatment response at surveya | ||||
| IRNS vs. SRNS | 0.53 (0.28–1) | 0.05 | ||
| FRNS/SDNS vs. SRNS | 0.82 (0.49–1.36) | 0.44 | ||
| Unknown/missing vs. SRNS | 0.97 (0.54–1.73) | 0.92 | ||
| Histology | ||||
| FSGS vs. not biopsied | 0.63 (0.14–2.8) | 0.54 | 1.05 (0.91–1.2) | 0.51 |
| MCD vs. not biopsied | 2.68 (1.05–6.85) | 0.04 | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 0.13 |
| UPCR at survey (per log)a | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.09 | ||
| eGFR at survey (per 30 ml/min/1.73 m2)a | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.28 | ||
| Serum albumin at survey (per g/dL)a | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.90 | ||
| Number of medications (per med)a | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.31 | ||
| Primary English vs. other | 0.66 (0.15–2.88) | 0.58 | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) | 0.73 |
| Maternal education level | ||||
| ≥ High school vs. < high school | 0.89 (0.35–2.26) | 0.81 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.38 |
| Medication Barriers Scale (per 1 scale)a | 0.89 (0.35–2.26) | 0.81 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.38 |
| Composite | 1.52 (1.12–2.06) | 0.01 | ||
| Disease frustration/adolescent issues | 1.45 (1.11–1.88) | 0.01 | ||
| Ingestion | 1.31 (1–1.73) | 0.05 | ||
| Regimen adaptation/cognitive Issues | 1.44 (1.1–1.89) | 0.01 | ||
| Adjusted | ||||
| Age at survey (per 1y) | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.001 | ||
| Maternal education level | ||||
| ≥ High school vs. < high school | 0.46 (0.24–0.86) | 0.02 | ||
| Medication Barriers Scale (per 1 scale) | ||||
| Composite | 1.56 (1.14–2.13) | 0.01 | ||
a
Time-varying covariate
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FRNS, frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; IQR, interquartile range; IRNS, infrequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome; IST, immunosuppressive therapy; m, month; MCD, minimal change disease; OR, odds ratio; SDNS, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome; SSNS, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome; SRNS, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome; UPCR, urine protein to creatinine ratio; y, year