Table 2.

Absolutely quantified metabolites stratified by diabetes status.

	T1DM (n=50)	Controls (n=20)	p-value	q-value	p-value*	q-value*
Alanine (μM)	301.19±94.73	354.42±112.14	0.048	0.173	0.057	0.075
Arginine (μM)	66.77±19.54	83.28±21.15	0.003	0.016	0.047	0.065
Cystine (μM)	37.49±13.98	42.55±27.06	0.307	0.307	0.204	0.214
Glutamine (μM)	27.11±11.72	38.45±12.81	0.001	0.008	<0.001	<0.001
Glycine (μM)	383.64±83.69	467.79±132.43	0.002	0.016	0.064	0.079
Histidine (μM)	80.41±26.62	117.61±46.57	<0.001	0.001	0.025	0.043
Isoleucine (μM)	59.33±19.14	80.55±24.48	<0.001	0.004	0.007	0.015
Leucine (μM)	108.53±29.05	146.13±42.79	<0.001	0.001	0.001	0.006
Lysine (μM)	142.25±37.45	180.59±46.06	0.001	0.008	0.002	0.006
Methionine (μM)	22.74±6.95	29.24±8.23	0.001	0.015	0.038	0.057
Phenylalanine (μM)	52.00±12.11	71.67±19.80	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
Proline (μM)	127.63±45.93	150.05±50.93	0.078	0.173	0.102	0.119
Serine (μM)	125.60±71.32	218.99±240.43	0.015	0.073	0.276	0.276
Threonine (μM)	89.52±32.67	128.87±53.79	<0.001	0.006	0.011	0.024
Tyrosine (μM)	61.01±19.10	78.88±24.68	0.002	0.016	0.024	0.043
Valine (μM)	149.85±40.31	195.26±53.18	<0.001	0.004	0.002	0.006
Citrate (μM)	209.20±49.37	261.34±84.23	0.002	0.016	0.163	0.18
α-Ketoglutarate (μM)	11.81±2.62	13.27±2.83	0.043	0.173	0.036	0.057
Succinate (μM)	5.75±1.30	6.89±1.26	0.001	0.015	0.002	0.006
Fumarate (μM)	1.71±0.52	2.19±0.46	0.001	0.008	0.006	0.015
Malate (μM)	29.97±15.36	53.85±17.69	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD. All metabolite concentrations are presented in μM. q-values represent FDR-adjusted p-values.

^*Indicates a p-value or q-value from models adjusted for GFR