TABLE 1.
Clinicopathologic features of all patients stratified by pRBC transfusion
| No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Variable | All patients (n = 262) | No transfusion (n = 201) | Transfusion (n = 61) | P-value |
| Malea | 90 (34.4) | 68 (33.8) | 22 (36.1) | 0.867 |
| Age (years; median, IQR)b | 66 (17.4) | 65 (17.7) | 67 (14.2) | 0.079 |
| Racea | 0.568 | |||
| White | 175 (72.9) | 133 (71.9) | 42 (76.4) | |
| African American | 27 (11.3) | 23 (12.4) | 4 (7.3) | |
| Other | 38 (15.8) | 29 (15.7) | 9 (16.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2; mean±SD)c | 28.3 ± 7.1 | 28.7 ±7.1 | 26.4 ±6.8 | 0.064 |
| ASA classa | 0.599 | |||
| 1 | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 2 | 72 (40.4) | 58 (41.7) | 14 (35.9) | |
| 3 | 99 (55.6) | 76 (54.7) | 23 (59.0) | |
| 4 | 5 (2.8) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (5.1) | |
| Comorbiditiesa | 0.778 | |||
| 0 | 81 (36.5) | 64 (36.6) | 17 (36.2) | |
| 1 | 91 (41.0) | 70 (40.0) | 21 (44.7) | |
| ≥2 | 50 (22.5) | 41 (23.4) | 9 (19.1) | |
| Preoperative albumin (g/dL; mean ± SD)c | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ±0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 0.050 |
| Preoperative INR (mean ± SD)c | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ±0.2 | 1.1 ±0.3 | 0.336 |
| Jaundicea | 31 (13.5) | 19 (10.7) | 12 (22.6) | 0.046 |
| Operative approacha | 0.076 | |||
| Open | 240 (92.3) | 182 (91.0) | 58 (96.7) | |
| Laparoscopic | 13 (5.0) | 13 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Laparoscopic hand-assisted | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Robotic | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Laparoscopic converted to open | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Incidental discoverya | 183 (70.1) | 148 (74.0) | 35 (57.4) | 0.020 |
| Extent of resectiona | 0.021 | |||
| Bile duct resection only | 7 (2.7) | 6 (3.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Cholecystectomy only | 30 (11.5) | 27 (13.4) | 3 (5.0) | |
| Radical cholecystectomy + portal LNs | 208 (79.7) | 160 (79.6) | 48 (80.0) | |
| Major hepatectomy | 16 (6.1) | 8 (4.0) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Common bile duct resectiona | 76 (29.5) | 45 (22.8) | 31 (50.8) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein resectiond | 43 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.9) | 0.012 |
| Major arterial resectiond | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.404 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL; mean ± SD)c | 459.7 ± 538.4 | 318.7 ± 282.5 | 877.4 ± 829.3 | <0.001 |
| Transfusion (total units; mean ± SD)c | 1.2 ±9.8 | - | - | - |
| Transfusion (total units) | - | - | - | |
| 0 | 201 (78.5) | |||
| 1 | 18 (7.0) | |||
| 2 | 19 (7.4) | |||
| ≥3 | 18 (7.2) | |||
| Final margin statusa | 0.058 | |||
| R0 | 211 (85.4) | 175 (87.9) | 47 (77.0) | |
| R1 | 38 (14.6) | 24 (12.1) | 14 (23.0) | |
| Tumor size (mm; mean ±SD)c | 36.6 ±27.2 | 34.4 ± 24.2 | 44.2 ± 34.9 | 0.110 |
| AJCC T stagea | 0.007 | |||
| Tis/Tla/b | 31 (12.4) | 23 (12.0) | 8 (13.8) | |
| T2 | 108 (43.4) | 93 (48.7) | 15 (25.9) | |
| T3/T4 | 110 (44.2) | 75 (39.3) | 35 (60.3) | |
| Gradea | 0.384 | |||
| Well-differentiated | 28 (12.6) | 21 (12.5) | 7 (12.7) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 122 (54.7) | 96 (57.1) | 26 (47.3) | |
| Poorly/undifferentiated | 73 (32.7) | 51 (30.4) | 22 (40.0) | |
| Lymphovascular invasiona | 69 (46.9) | 45 (39.8) | 24 (70.6) | 0.003 |
| Perineural invasiona | 80 (53.7) | 55 (48.2) | 25 (71.4) | 0.027 |
| LN positivea | 91 (41.7) | 70 (43.2) | 21 (37.5) | 0.555 |
| Major complicationa | 42 (18.2) | 22 (12.2) | 20 (39.2) | <0.001 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapyd | 10 (3.9) | 8 (4.0) | 2 (3.3) | 1.000 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapya | 87 (43.7) | 74 (48.1) | 13 (28.9) | 0.035 |
pRBC, packed red blood cells; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; INR, international normalized ratio; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; LN, lymph nodes.
Bold values indicate P < 0.05.
a
Chi-squared test.
b
Non-parametric test.
c
Independent t-test.
d
Two-tailed Fisher's Exact test.