TABLE 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis of risk factors associated with OS
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Variable | HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| Male | 0.95 | 0.66–1.37 | 0.795 | - | - | - |
| Age (yrs) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.101 | - | - | - |
| Race | - | - | - | |||
| White | Ref | - | - | |||
| African American | 0.86 | 0.45–1.66 | 0.654 | |||
| Other | 0.71 | 0.41–1.25 | 0.240 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.98 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.170 | - | - | - |
| ASA class | - | - | - | |||
| 1 | Ref | - | - | |||
| 2 | 0.17 | 0.02–1.24 | 0.080 | |||
| 3 | 0.20 | 0.03–1.51 | 0.119 | |||
| 4 | 0.70 | 0.06–7.78 | 0.770 | |||
| Comorbidities (>1) | 1.47 | 0.95–2.26 | 0.084 | - | - | - |
| Preoperative albumin (g/dL) | 0.59 | 0.47–0.75 | <0.001 | 0.54 | 0.36–0.80 | 0.002 |
| Preoperative INR | 2.62 | 1.13–6.08 | 0.025 | 1.11 | 0.39–3.15 | 0.839 |
| Jaundice | 2.43 | 1.50–3.92 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.45–2.05 | 0.914 |
| Operative approach | - | - | - | |||
| Open | Ref | - | - | |||
| Laparoscopic | 0.53 | 0.17–1.66 | 0.276 | |||
| Laparoscopic hand-assisted | 0.00 | 0.00–9E187 | 0.961 | |||
| Robotic | 3.04 | 0.42–21.95 | 0.271 | |||
| Laparoscopic converted to open | 1.14 | 0.28–4.61 | 0.857 | |||
| Incidental discovery | 0.53 | 0.37–0.76 | 0.001 | 0.77 | 0.42–1.40 | 0.387 |
| Major hepatectomy | 2.62 | 1.46–4.70 | 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.28–1.64 | 0.394 |
| Common bile duct resection | 1.61 | 1.13–2.30 | 0.008 | - | - | - |
| Portal vein resection | 3.35 | 1.05–10.63 | 0.041 | - | - | - |
| Major arterial resection | 28.33 | 3.54–226.53 | 0.002 | - | - | - |
| Estimated blood loss | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.125 | - | - | - |
| Transfusion | 1.90 | 1.32–2.73 | 0.001 | 1.90 | 1.05–3.47 | 0.035 |
| Transfusion >2 unitsa | 2.25 | 1.45–3.48 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Tumor size (mm) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.02 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Final margin status | 1.13 | 0.48–2.68 | 0.774 | |||
| R0 | Ref | - | - | |||
| R1 | 4.06 | 2.68–6.15 | <0.001 | |||
| AJCC T-stage | ||||||
| Tis/T1a/b | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| T2 | 2.25 | 0.95–5.35 | 0.066 | 3.74 | 1.03–13.57 | 0.045 |
| T3/T4 | 6.98 | 3.02–16.12 | <0.001 | 10.62 | 3.04–37.17 | <0.001 |
| Grade | - | - | - | |||
| Well-differentiated | Ref | - | - | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 1.84 | 0.91–3.72 | 0.092 | |||
| Poorly/undifferentiated | 3.16 | 1.54–6.49 | 0.002 | |||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 2.89 | 1.78–4.69 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Perineural invasión | 2.97 | 1.76–5.00 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Lymph node positive | 2.28 | 1.55–3.36 | <0.001 | 2.01 | 1.19–3.39 | 0.009 |
| Major complication | 2.99 | 1.92–4.66 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 0.82–2.71 | 0.191 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 1.57 | 0.73–3.37 | 0.249 | - | - | - |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 0.97 | 0.63–1.49 | 0.888 | - | - | - |
OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index, ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; INR, international normalized ratio; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.
Bold values indicate P < 0.05.
a
A separate multivariable model for OS using this variable was constructed, though not shown here in table form.