Table 2.
Cox regression analysis of factors associated with recurrence-free survival after distal pancreatectomy for pNET in the entire cohort (n = 621)
| Variable | Bivariate |
Multivariable |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age >65 years | 1.10 (0.68–1.78) | 0.69 | ||
| Sex | 0.91 | |||
| Female | Ref. | |||
| Male | 1.02 (0.68–1.53) | |||
| Race | 0.16 | |||
| Non-white | Ref. | |||
| White | 1.59 (0.83–3.07) | |||
| Symptomatic | 0.004 | |||
| No | Ref. | |||
| Yes | 1.83 (1.21–2.77) | |||
| Primary location | 0.85 | |||
| Body | Ref. | |||
| Tail | 1.04 (0.67–1.63) | |||
| Tumor size | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤2 cm | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| >2 cm | 4.61 (2.73–7.79) | 2.64 (1.50–4.67) | ||
| Multiple tumors | 0.86 (0.45–1.66) | 0.65 | ||
| Tumor differentiation | 0.13 | |||
| Well | Ref. | |||
| Moderate to poor | 1.57 (0.88–2.83) | |||
| Ki-67 | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||
| <3% | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| ≥3% | 3.77 (2.46–5.80) | 1.93 (1.18–3.14) | ||
| LNM | 3.19 (2.13–4.79) | <0.001 | ||
| Margin status | 0.012 | |||
| R0 | Ref. | |||
| R1 | 1.86 (1.14–3.02) | |||
| Lymph-vascular invasion | 4.27 (2.83–6.45) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.39–3.57) | <0.001 |
| Perineural invasion | 1.55 (0.94–2.57) | 0.087 | ||
Bold values indicate preoperatively measurable variables through imaging or biopsy. HR, hazard ratio; LNM, lymph node metastasis.