Table 2. Breast cancer screening rates among Chinese adult women by sociodemographic factors ― China, 2018–2019.
| Sociodemographic variable | Screening rates among 20 years and above | Screening rates among 35–64 years | ||||||
| Ever screened (%) (95% CI) |
Screened in 3 years (%) (95% CI) |
Ever screened (%) (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||||
| Total | Urban | Rural | P value* | |||||
| Note: The screening rates presented in this study are weighted proportions that have been adjusted for age through poststratification to ensure representation of the entire national population. Abbreviation: CI=confidence interval; CNY=Chinese Yuan. * P value denotes the difference between urban screening coverage and rural screening coverage in women aged 20 years and above. † Participants who responded with “don’t know/refused” were excluded from the calculation. § The model accounted for the interaction between residence and education. | ||||||||
| Total | 22.3 (21.1, 23.5) | 24.5 (22.4, 26.6) | 20.6 (18.8, 22.4) | <0.0001 | 20.5 (19.3, 21.7) | 30.9 (29.2, 32.5) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 20–29 | 10.8 (9.1, 12.6) | 11.5 (8.7, 14.2) | 10.3 (8.2, 12.4) | 0.5242 | 10.6 (8.9, 12.3) | – | – | |
| 30–39 | 27.3 (25.5, 29.2) | 29.8 (27.2, 32.4) | 25.3 (22.3, 28.2) | 0.0413 | 25.7 (23.7, 27.6) | – | – | |
| 40–49 | 36.0 (33.9, 38.2) | 39.2 (35.6, 42.8) | 33.7 (30.5, 36.9) | 0.0510 | 33.4 (31.3, 35.4) | – | – | |
| 50–59 | 27.3 (25.4, 29.1) | 31.1 (28.1, 34.2) | 24.5 (21.7, 27.3) | 0.0075 | 24.3 (22.6, 26.0) | – | – | |
| 60–69 | 14.7 (13.5, 16.0) | 19.2 (17.1, 21.3) | 11.5 (9.5, 13.5) | <0.0001 | 12.4 (11.2, 13.6) | – | – | |
| 70 and above | 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) | 6.6 (5.4, 7.8) | 2.7 (2.0, 3.4) | <0.0001 | 3.4 (2.8, 3.9) | – | – | |
| P value for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | – | – | – | 22.7 (20.7, 24.7) | 34.4 (31.7, 37.2) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| Rural | – | – | – | 18.8 (17.1, 20.6) | 28.2 (25.7, 30.8) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.43)§ | ||
| P value for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Geographic location | ||||||||
| East | 27.0 (25.1, 29.0) | 29.2 (26.2, 32.2) | 24.7 (21.2, 28.1) | 0.1018 | 25.1 (23.2, 27.1) | 37.1 (34.5, 39.6) | 1.58 (1.33, 1.88) | |
| Middle | 20.6 (18.3, 22.8) | 22.1 (17.7, 26.5) | 19.6 (17.2, 22.1) | 0.3440 | 18.5 (16.3, 20.6) | 28.8 (25.7, 31.9) | 1.22 (0.99, 1.50) | |
| West | 16.7 (14.9, 18.6) | 17.5 (14.6, 20.5) | 16.2 (13.6, 18.8) | 0.5390 | 15.5 (13.8, 17.3) | 23.5 (20.9, 26.2) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| P value for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | ||||||||
| Primary or less | 16.6 (15.3, 18.0) | 16.3 (13.8, 18.9) | 16.7 (15.0, 18.4) | 0.8299 | 15.0 (13.7, 16.3) | 22.2 (20.3, 24.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Secondary | 25.1 (23.3, 26.9) | 25.9 (23.3, 28.4) | 24.7 (22.0, 27.3) | 0.5658 | 22.9 (21.2, 24.6) | 33.8 (31.7, 35.8) | 1.41 (1.23, 1.62)§ | |
| High | 27.5 (25.1, 29.9) | 29.0 (25.9, 32.1) | 25.3 (21.3, 29.3) | 0.1867 | 25.5 (23.2, 27.8) | 39.0 (35.8, 42.2) | 1.40 (1.15, 1.70)§ | |
| College or above | 25.2 (22.8, 27.7) | 26.6 (23.9, 29.2) | 20.3 (15.0, 25.6) | 0.0573 | 24.1 (21.7, 26.5) | 48.7 (45.2, 52.2) | 1.84 (1.49, 2.28)§ | |
| P value for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Household income per capita (CNY) | ||||||||
| Q1 (<6,000) | 17.2 (15.4, 19.1) | 16.2 (12.6, 19.8) | 17.5 (15.4, 19.6) | 0.5789 | 15.4 (13.7, 17.2) | 23.7 (21.1, 26.2) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Q2 (6,000–12,499) | 19.1 (17.7, 20.6) | 19.7 (17.5, 21.9) | 18.9 (16.9, 20.8) | 0.6290 | 17.8 (16.3, 19.2) | 26.9 (25.0, 28.8) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.24) | |
| Q3 (12,500–23,999) | 24.4 (22.4, 26.4) | 24.4 (22.0, 26.9) | 24.4 (21.3, 27.6) | 0.9978 | 22.5 (20.6, 24.4) | 33.4 (31.2, 35.7) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) | |
| Q4 (24,000 and above) | 29.7 (27.6, 31.7) | 30.0 (27.4, 32.6) | 28.9 (24.5, 33.3) | 0.7105 | 27.4 (25.3, 29.4) | 40.8 (38.5, 43.1) | 1.36 (1.16, 1.58) | |
| Don’t know or refused | 18.3 (16.5, 20.1) | 20.1 (17.3, 23.0) | 16.8 (14.4, 19.3) | 0.1148 | 17.0 (15.2, 18.7) | 25.6 (22.9, 28.3) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) | |
| P value for trend† | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | 23.7 (22.4, 25.1) | 26.7 (24.4, 28.9) | 21.6 (19.6, 23.6) | 0.0035 | 22.1 (20.8, 23.4) | 31.6 (29.8, 33.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Housework | 19.4 (17.5, 21.4) | 20.2 (16.7, 23.6) | 19.1 (16.6, 21.6) | 0.6575 | 17.8 (15.9, 19.7) | 28.1 (25.8, 30.4) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | |
| Retired | 26.1 (23.5, 28.6) | 26.1 (23.4, 28.8) | 25.6 (12.8, 38.3) | 0.9390 | 21.4 (18.9, 23.9) | 33.1 (29.7, 36.6) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | |
| Unemployed | 14.8 (12.6, 17.0) | 15.3 (12.5, 18.1) | 14.2 (10.6,17.7) | 0.6478 | 13.9 (11.7, 16.1) | 28.7 (24.7, 32.7) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.22) | |
| P value for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0068 | <0.0001 | 0.0085 | |||
| Health examination in past 3 years | ||||||||
| No | 14.3 (13.2, 15.4) | 13.1 (11.4, 14.9) | 14.9 (13.5, 16.4) | 0.1577 | 12.5 (11.5, 13.6) | 19.4 (17.9, 20.9) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Yes | 31.8 (30.2, 33.4) | 33.4 (31.2, 35.7) | 29.8 (27.3, 32.4) | 0.0628 | 30.0 (28.4, 31.6) | 45.6 (43.7, 47.6) | 3.17 (2.95, 3.41) | |
| P value for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Self-assessed health status | ||||||||
| Poor or fair | 23.0 (21.6, 24.4) | 25.9 (23.7, 28.1) | 20.8 (18.8, 22.8) | 0.0026 | 21.0 (19.7, 22.4) | 31.1 (29.3, 32.9) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.27) | |
| Good | 21.6 (20.2, 22.9) | 23.1 (20.7, 25.4) | 20.3 (18.2, 22.3) | 0.1232 | 20.0 (18.6, 21.3) | 30.6 (28.6, 32.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| P value for difference | 0.0464 | 0.0053 | 0.5666 | 0.1275 | 0.6084 | |||