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. 2023 May 10;18:755–769. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S398957

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© 2023 Otsuka et al.

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Effect of age on circadian-circasemidian coupling interval of SBP (top) and extent of morning and evening SBP surge (bottom) in Groups A, B and C. Top: The circadian-circasemidian coupling interval of SBP becomes even shorter with advancing age in Group A, and it tends to become even longer with advancing age in Group C, thereby exacerbating the morning or evening SBP surge. By contrast, there is no change with age in the circadian-circasemidian coupling interval of SBP in Group B. Bottom: Participants of each Group were further subdivided into three age groups: Young (<50 years), Middle-aged (50~65 years) and Old (>65 years). Whereas there was no significant change in evening SBP surge as a function of age in any of the three groups, the morning SBP surge increased in middle-aged (P = 0.0444) and elderly (P = 0.0463) as compared to young participants, observed only in Group A (bottom left).