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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 14.
Published in final edited form as: Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2016 Oct 2;9902:124–132. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-46726-9_15

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Deformable component models. (a) Example surgical tools (K-wire, flexible screwdriver, drill, and spinal fixation rod) presenting a cylindrical profile. (b) Parametric B-spline component model showing control points αi, attached discs dj, and tangent lines at clamped endpoints. (c) Tessellated 3D model with computed surface normals. (d) Non-convex polygon projection with multiple red line segments indicating line integrals through the mesh.