Table 2.

Flavonols and their inhibitory dose concentrations against several types of bacteria

Flavonol	Susceptible bacteria	Function	Dose concentration (mcg/mL)	Reference
Kaempferol	Helicobacter pylori	Bactericidal effect	1000	[102]
Quercetin	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Antibiofilm activity	20	[107], [108], [123]
	Shigella flexneri	No visible effect	500
	Lactobacillus casei var. shirota	No visible effect	500
	Proteus vulgaris	Damage to cell walls and membranes by enhancing alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase production	300
	Escherichia coli	Damage to cell walls and membranes by enhancing alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase production	400
	Staphylococcus aureus	Bacteriostatic effect via > 70% inhibition of biofilm formation	20
Fisetin	Streptococcus suis	Target suilysin to hinder apertures and hemolysis	32	[116]