Table 1. Univariate analysis of anatomical lung resection patients with untreated COPD and ACO.
| Characteristics | Untreated (n=31) | Intervention (n=61) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), median [IQR] | 72 [64–79] | 70 [67–78] | 0.70 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 27 (87.1) | 51 (83.6) | 0.77 |
| BMI, median [IQR] | 22.7 [20.7–24.9] | 22.5 [20.5–24.3] | 0.52 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 21 (67.7) | 29 (47.5) | 0.079 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 3 (9.7) | 15 (24.6) | 0.10 |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 1 (3.2) | 9 (14.8) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (19.4) | 12 (19.7) | 0.60 |
| Steroid exposure, n (%) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (6.6) | 0.66 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 26 (83.9) | 53 (86.9) | 0.76 |
| Brinkman index, median [IQR] | 875 [724–1,350] | 970 [780–1,124] | 0.95 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Osteoporosis | 2 (6.7) | 3 (4.9) | 0.80 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 4 (13.3) | 4 (6.6) | 0.43 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 6 (20.0) | 15 (24.6) | 0.79 |
| Anxiety and depression | 10 (33.3) | 14 (23.0) | 0.32 |
| Interstitial pneumonia, n (%) | 4 (12.9) | 9 (14.8) | 0.54 |
| GOLD classification, n (%) | 0.097 | ||
| 2 | 24 (77.4) | 56 (91.8) | |
| 3 | 7 (22.6) | 5 (8.2) | |
| Spirometry, median [IQR] | |||
| FVC (L) | 3.51 [3.04–3.91] | 3.18 [2.69–3.76] | 0.10 |
| %FVC (%) | 105.3 [91.0–116.5] | 100.2 [87.7–111.6] | 0.19 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 63.0 [54.0–67.3] | 64.5 [59.2–67.7] | 0.34 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.19 [1.58–2.67] | 1.96 [1.58–2.40] | 0.30 |
| Diseased side, right, n (%) | 18 (58.1) | 35 (57.4) | 0.61 |
| Tumor size (mm), median [IQR] | 30 [19–36] | 21 [16–32] | 0.11 |
| Clinical N1/2, n (%) | 7 (22.6) | 11 (18.6) | 0.78 |
| Location, upper segments, n (%) | 22 (71.0) | 37 (60.7) | 0.44 |
| VATS, n (%) | 24 (77.4) | 55 (90.2) | 0.12 |
| Procedure, n (%) | 0.077 | ||
| Segmentectomy | 12 (38.7) | 12 (19.7) | |
| Lobectomy | 19 (61.3) | 49 (80.3) | |
| Number of resected segments (n), median [IQR] | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–5] | 0.26 |
| Intraoperative bleeding (mL), median [IQR] | 120 [60–330] | 70 [13–150] | 0.0054 |
| Operative time (min), median [IQR] | 199 [159–240] | 198 [173–248] | 0.81 |
| Chest tube duration (day), median [IQR] | 3 [2–6] | 1 [1–3] | <0.0001 |
| Complications, n (%) | |||
| Total | 13 (41.9) | 20 (32.8) | 0.49 |
| Prolonged air leak | 6 (19.4) | 7 (11.5) | 0.35 |
| Pneumonia | 1 (3.2) | 4 (6.6) | 0.66 |
| Atelectasis | 1 (3.2) | 1 (1.6) | 0.89 |
| Arrhythmia | 5 (16.1) | 8 (13.1) | 0.76 |
| Delirium | 2 (6.5) | 2 (3.3) | 0.60 |
| Postoperative bleeding | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 0.34 |
| Others | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.66 |
| Postoperative hospitalization (day), median [IQR] | 10 [8–13] | 8 [6–10] | 0.021 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACO, Asthma-COPD overlap; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; N, lymph nodes; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.