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. 2023 May 1;13:1166839. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1166839

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Copyright © 2023 Hurtado-Tamayo, Requena-Platek, Enjuanes, Bello-Perez and Sola

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulation of IFN response by HCoVs accessory proteins. Diagram representing type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines induction after cellular recognizing of HCoV RNA species by PRRs. After viral RNA sensing, MAVS-mediated nuclear transcription factor NF-Kβ and IRFs activation induce IFN and proinflammatory cytokines expression. The canonical autocrine or paracrine type I IFN signaling pathway triggers ISGs expression through ISGF3 complex activation. SARS-CoV accessory proteins are represented in green, MERS-CoV in orange and SARS-CoV-2 in red. The asterisk (*) indicates inconclusive results. Figure created with BioRender.com.