Fig. 4.

The transmembrane protease serine subclass 2 (TMPRSS2), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), ACE2, Eph receptors, ephrin ligands, P2X7, and CD147 are expressed on cells of the CNS as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein entrance receptors. JAK inhibitors can target ACE2, EphA/B receptors, and IL-6 receptors-activated signal transduction (JAKinibs). Also, the NLRP3 inflammasome can release IL-1 and IL-18 in response to ACE2, EphA/B receptors, TMPRSS2, NRP-1, P2X7, and CD147. These molecules may be targeted by IL-1 and IL-18 monoclonal antibodies, antagonists, and inflammasome inhibitors. Reprinted with permission from ref. [73]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature