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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychosoc Oncol. 2018 Dec 26;37(3):335–349. doi: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1479327

Table 4.

Study outcomes at pre- and post-intervention.

Score mean (SD)
 Effect size and 95% CI
Outcome Pre-intervention Post-intervention gav Lower Upper
Pain severity   4.12 (1.92)   2.97 (2.20) 0.57   0.10 1.08
Pain interference   4.38 (2.40)   2.79 (2.47) 0.62   0.12 1.16
Pain catastrophizing   1.54 (1.51)   1.13 (1.43) 0.26 −0.23 0.76
Psychological distress   52.97 (10.13) 49.17 (7.42) 0.44 −0.04 0.94
Fatigue 56.64 (8.77) 53.68 (7.37) 0.36 −0.11 0.85
Physical functioninga   2.67 (0.79)   2.95 (0.74) 0.34 −0.11 0.81
Self-efficacy for pain managementa   50.40 (21.20)   70.33 (18.70) 0.98   0.37 1.66

Note. ns = 18–20 for outcome scores due to missingness. Effect sizes are Hedges’ gav for paired samples, which were calculated using pooled values from 10 imputed datasets.

a

Higher scores represent greater physical functioning and self-efficacy for pain management.