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. 2023 May 15;23:886. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15844-z

Table 3.

Association between quality of life and tobacco use adjusted for age and gender

Physical Functioning ≥ 88a Bodily Pain ≥ 75a General Health ≥ 76a Vitality ≥ 69a
(n = 1246) (n = 1244) (n = 1247) (n = 1244)
OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value
Pack-year 10 0.72 (0.64–0.82) 5.4 × 10 −7 0.89 (0.79–1.0) 0.056 0.75 (0.66–0.85) 0.000005 0.71 (0.62–0.81) 1.3 × 10 −7
Box-year 10 0.99 (0.96–1.0) 0.53 0.95 (0.91–0.98) 0.00078 0.99 (0.96–1.0) 0.29 0.96 (0.93–0.99) 0.0066
Female gender 0.58 (0.43–0.79) 0.00042 0.77 (0.61–0.98) 0.033 0.85 (0.67–1.1) 0.20 0.64 (0.50–0.81) 0.00027
Age 10 yr 0.70 (0.62–0.78) 3.3 × 10 −10 0.92 (0.85–1.0) 0.058 0.91 (0.83–0.99) 0.03 1.1 (1.1–1.2) 0.0017
Model validation
Overall performance
  Nagelkerke R Square 0.12 0.027 0.041 0.048
Discrimination
 AUCb 0.69 (0.65–0.72) 6.9 × 10 −22 0.58 (0.55–0.61) 8.7 × 10 −7 0.60 (0.56–0.63) 1.1 × 10 −8 0.60 (0.57–0.63) 2.4 × 10 −10
Calibrationc
 Omnibus test 102 (4) 4.1 × 10 −21 26 (4) 0.000034 38 (4) 1.3 × 10 −7 46 (4) 2.7 × 10 −9
 Hosmer and  Lemeshow test 2.0 (8) 0.98 7.1 (8) 0.53 7.8 (8) 0.46 11 (8) 0.18
Social Function ≥ 89a Mental Health ≥ 81a Physical component summary Mental component summary
(n = 1244) (n = 1244)  ≥ 50a (n = 1202)  ≥ 50a (n = 1185)
OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value OR (95%CI) p-value
Pack-year 10 0.82 (0.72–0.92) 0.0011 0.77 (0.68–0.87) 0.000038 0.84 (0.74–0.95) 0.0049 0.77 (0.68–0.87) 0.000051
Box-year 10 0.98 (0.96–1.0) 0.24 0.98 (0.96–1.0) 0.25 0.96 (0.93–0.99) 0.0086 1.00 (0.97–1.0) 0.79
Female gender 0.84 (0.66–1.1) 0.17 0.87 (0.68–1.1) 0.24 0.87 (0.67–1.1) 0.31 0.80 (0.62–1.0) 0.073
Age 10 yr 1.0 (0.96–1.1) 0.31 1.2 (1.1–1.3) 0.000002 0.77 (0.70–0.85) 2.4 × 10 −7 1.3 (1.2–1.4) 1.5 × 10 −7
Model validation
Overall performance
  Nagelkerke R Square 0.014 0.034 0.067 0.043
Discrimination
 AUCb 0.55 (0.52–0.59) 0.0018 0.60 (0.56–0.63) 6.3 × 10 −9 0.63 (0.60–0.67) 3.6 × 10 −13 0.61 (0.57–0.64) 1.1 × 10–9
Calibrationc
 Omnibus test 13 (4) 0.014 32 (4) 0.000002 58 (4) 8.0 × 10 −12 37 (4) 1.4 × 10–7
 Hosmer and Lemeshow test 6.6 (8) 0.58 7.8 (8) 0.45 5.7 (8) 0.69 3.4 (8) 0.91

aThe median for an age matched Swedish population is used as cut off, above cut off indicates better than average health

bArea under curve (95% confidence interval) P-value to the right of the confidence interval

cChi square (degree of freedom) P-value to the right of df