TABLE 2.

Hazard ratios (95% CIs) of all‐cause and specific‐cause mortality according to dietary calcium intake

Mortality type and dietary calcium intake per day (mg)	No. of death	Rate (per 100 person‐years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
			Model 1	Model 2
All‐cause mortality
<424	435	3.43	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
424–627	340	2.65	0.75 (0.61–0.92)	0.73 (0.60–0.89)
627–851	348	2.84	0.82 (0.67–1.01)	0.85 (0.70–1.03)
851–1189	295	2.39	0.68 (0.55–0.84)	0.71 (0.57–0.88)
≥1189	270	2.22	0.82 (0.66–1.02)	0.88 (0.72–1.01)
CVD mortality
<424	84	0.66	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
424–627	76	0.59	0.78 (0.53–1.14)	0.93 (0.67–1.28)
627–851	62	0.51	0.63 (0.43–0.92)	0.66 (0.45–0.97)
851–1189	59	0.48	0.70 (0.47–1.04)	0.68 (0.45–1.03)
≥1189	44	0.36	0.63 (0.38–1.02)	0.66 (0.41–1.07)
Cancer‐related mortality
<424	104	0.82	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
424–627	75	0.59	0.90 (0.60–1.36)	0.80 (0.51–1.23)
627–851	71	0.58	0.89 (0.62–1.29)	0.91 (0.61–1.35)
851–1189	62	0.50	0.65 (0.43–0.98)	0.63 (0.40–0.99)
≥1189	47	0.39	0.67 (0.42–1.05)	0.75 (0.48–1.18)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; No., number; Ref, reference.

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 and further adjusted for education level, family poverty‐income ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum vitamin D level, comorbidities conditions (diabetes, CVD, cancer, and lung diseases), body mass index, consumption of cigarettes, and consumption of alcohol in the past year.