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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2019 Nov 26;91(24):15335–15344. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03853

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

(a). Schematic representation of formation of the 24–2–DFHBI (3,5- difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone) complex, termed Spinach. Photobleaching curves for 24–2–DFHBI, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and fluorescein demonstrates that Spi nach displays fluorescence emission comparable to fluorescent proteins. Reproduced with permission from Ref 129. Copyright (2011) The American Association for the Advancement of Science. (b). Schematic representation of secondary structure of Spinach and Spinach2. Systematic mutagenesis was conducted on Spinach stem 1 and stem-loop 3 (boxed) to generate Spinach2. Reproduced with permission from Ref 130. Copyright (2013) Springer Nature. (c). Shown is fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based directed evolution approach for generating the Broccoli aptamer that displays highly efficient cellular performance. Reproduced with permission from Ref 131. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society.