Table 3.

Ethnic determinants and respective 2015–2018 NSDUH proxy variables analyzed based on Ethic and Disparities Framework [18]

Construct domaina	Ethnic determinant of healthb	NSDUH proxy variable
Environment-societal structure and their opportunities level of analysis
Geographic location	Urban/rural context	COUTYP1 = Metro/nonmetro status recoded
Education	Education completion/graduation Linguistic proficiency	EDUHIGHCAT = Education graduate categories LANGVER = Survey language version; SPEAKENGL = How well speak English
Economic stability	Occupation and occupational stress Financial stress Health insurance status	ASDSWRK2 = Depress feelings role impairment—ability to work POVERTY3 = Poverty level; IRWRKSTAT18 = Employment status IRINSUR4 = any health insurance type
Healthcare system	Access to healthcare providers Access to medication for depression	ADOCMDE = Saw/talk To Gen Prac/Fam Med Abt Depres Feelings; APSY1MDE = Saw/talk To Psychologist; ASOCMDE = Saw/talk To SW Abt Depres Feelings; ARXMDEYR = Used Rx Med For Depressive Feelings
Social-cognitive-behavioral (cross-cutting) levels of analysis
Stress and stress processes	Stress level and effects	HEALTH2 = Overall health status; MHSUITHK = Thoughts/plans of suicide; AMDEIMP = MDE with severe role impairment; SPDYR = Past year serious psychological distress
Cultural factors	Values and norms
	Stigma Beliefs about health and healing Religious beliefs	MHRCFID2 = No mental health treatment in past year due to confidentiality MHRNOND2 = No mental health treatment, not needed; MHRNOHP2 = No mental health treatment, not helpful SNRLDCSN = Religious beliefs influence my decisions

^aAdapted from Ramirez Garcia (2019)

^bAdapted from Ramirez Garcia (2019); the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (National Institutes of Health, 2018); National Institute of Aging (Hill, Pérez-Stable, Anderson, and Bernard 2015); Castro and Alarcon (2002); Falicov (2013)