Table 1.
Univariate Latent Change Score Model Unstandardized Coefficient (and standard errors) for Predictor Variables and Use Variable
| Estimates | Performance expectancy | Effort expectancy | Computer anxiety | Computer self-efficacy | Computer interest | Quality of life | Social supporto | Social isolation | Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects | |||||||||
| Initial level mean, μix | –0.048 (0.186) |
–0.003 (0.193) |
0.008 (0.186) |
–0.017 (0.186) |
–0.074 (0.188) |
–0.33 (0.189) |
–0.104 (0.188) |
–0.303 (0.186) |
0.002 (0.193) |
| Slope mean, μsx | –0.333 (0.167)* |
–0.371 (0.247) |
–0.429 (0.159)** |
0.174 (0.159) |
0.136 (0.118) |
–0.394 (0.222) |
–0.185 (0.157) |
–0.036 (0.188) |
–0.171 (0.142) |
| Proportional change, βx | –0.756 (0.122)*** |
–0.975 (0.072)*** |
–0.771 (0.137)*** |
–0.894 (0.137)*** |
–0.630 (0.286)* |
–1.214 (0.141)*** |
–0.751 (0.255)** |
–1.108 (0.177)*** |
–0.524 (0.198)** |
| Random effects | |||||||||
| Initial level variance, σ2ix | 0.573 (0.122)*** |
0.573 (0.133)*** |
0.629 (0.119)*** |
0.617 (0.121)*** |
0.643 (0.123)*** |
0.694 (0.122)*** |
0.690 (0.12)*** |
0.649 (0.119)*** |
0.693 (0.127)*** |
| Slope variance, σ2sx | 0.571 (0.147)*** |
1.399 (0.239)*** |
0.521 (0.159)** |
0.520 (0.149)*** |
0.247 (0.178) |
1.084 (0.286)*** |
0.508 (0.298) |
0.758 (0.257)** |
0.406 (0.194)* |
| Covariance, ρix,sx | 0.302 (0.095)** |
0.353 (0.120)** |
0.386 (0.107)*** |
0.341 (0.101)*** |
0.256 (0.169) |
0.781 (0.153)*** |
0.499 (0.187)** |
0.605 (0.144)*** |
0.349 (0.146)* |
| Residual variance, σ2ux | 0.355 (0.045)*** |
0.414 (0.052)*** |
0.292 (0.037)*** |
0.306 (0.039)*** |
0.309 (0.039)*** |
0.26 (0.032)*** |
0.247 (0.031)*** |
0.270 (0.034)*** |
0.312 (0.039)*** |
Notes: Age, education, gender, race, and income were controlled in all models.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.