Table 1.

The markers of CSCs, NSCs, and hESC

Tissues	CSCs markers	Resident normal stem cells markers	References	hESC markers (33)
Breast	ALDH1, CD29, CD44, CD133, CD201, EpCAM, PODXL1, SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1–60, TRA-1–81, Tspan8	Axin2, CD10, CD1d, CD24, CD29, CD49f, CD49b, CD61, CD90, CD133, CK5, CK8, CK14, CK18, CK19, c-Kit, Lrp5, Lgr5, Lgr6, EpCAM, Procr, sca1, Myh11	(33–37)	ABCG2, CD133, CD90, CD326, CD24, CD49f, CD146, CD10, CD117, CD26, CD29, CD9, CD166, Cripto1, Notch2, PODXL1, SSEA1, SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1–60, TRA-1–81
Prostate	ABCG2, ALDH1, CD29, CD44, CD49f, CD133, CD151, CD166, Sca1, TRA-1–60	CD29, CD49f, CD133, Sca1, Trop2, Lgr5	(38–42)
Lung	ABCG2, ALDH1, CD44, CD56, CD133, CD166, Cripto1, Notch2, Notch3, PODXL1, SSEA1, Sox2	ABCA3, ASCL1, α-SMA, CD49f, CD271, CXCR4, GRP, KRT5, KRT8, KRT17, KRT19, LAMP3, NCAD, PDPN, ROBO, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A2, SFTPC, SMMHC, TP63, TM4SF1	(33, 43–45)
Colorectal	ALDH1, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD133, CD166, Cripto1, EpCAM, Lgr5	Lgr5	(33, 46–49)
Melanoma of skin	ABCB5, ALDH1, CD20, CD133, CD271, Nanog, Oct3, Oct4	CD29, CD46, CD49f, CD71, DLL1, DSG3, FRMD4A, LRIG1, MCSP	(50–56)
Renal	ALDH1, CD24, CD44, CD105, CD133, CXCR4, SSEA1	CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD133, CD146, CD224, CK7, c-kit, NR3C2, Pax2, Pax8, SSEA4	(57–62)
Leukemia	ALDH1, CD9, CD25, CD26, CD32, CD33, CD34, CD44, CD47, CD93, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD103, CD123, CLL1, IL1RAP, PODXL1, TIM3	ABCG2, CD133, CD26, CD34, CD44, CD45RA, CD49f, CD90, c-Kit, PODXL1, Sca1	(33, 63–70)
Pancreas	ABCG2, ALDH1, CD133, CD9, CD24, CD44, CD49f, c-Met, CXCR1,2, CXCR4, EpCAM, GLRX3, Notch2, Nestin, Notch3, Oct3,4, PODXL1, Tspan8	Unsure markers: Cytokeratins, PDX1, Glb1	(33,71–78)