Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics of swallowing-related muscles in groups formed according to the 1st quartile of trunk muscle mass and cut-off value of appendicular skeletal muscle mass.
| Men (n = 46) | Women (n = 95) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMI | SMI | TMI | SMI | |||||||||
| Low (n = 11) | High (n = 35) | p-value | Low (n = 10) | High (n = 36) | p-value | Low (n = 24) | High (n = 71) | p-value | Low (n = 20) | High (n = 75) | p-value | |
| CSA of GHM | 151.6 ± 37.1 | 186.9 ± 60.7 | 0.08a | 159.5 ± 54.4 | 183.7 ± 58.1 | 0.25a | 135.5 ± 32.1 | 165.2 ± 41.5 | 0.008b | 141.6 ± 34.5 | 162.0 ± 42.0 | 0.12b |
| CSA of tongue | 1718.9 ± 172.6 | 1788.7 ± 291.5 | 0.46a | 1529.4 ± 247.0 | 1839.4 ± 234.6 | 0.001a | 1547.1 ± 244.2 | 1632.1 ± 270.6 | 0.18a | 1545.5 ± 227.5 | 1628.0 ± 273.6 | 0.22a |
| EI of GHM | 15.8 ± 7.7 | 14.1 ± 5.5 | 0.42a | 13.3 ± 5.5 | 14.8 ± 6.3 | 0.49a | 21.0 ± 7.6 | 20.3 ± 9.4 | 0.66b | 19.8 ± 8.5 | 20.7 ± 9.1 | 0.80b |
| EI of tongue | 31.6 ± 9.7 | 32.5 ± 6.2 | 0.80a | 31.5 ± 8.0 | 32.5 ± 6.9 | 0.70a | 37.7 ± 8.5 | 38.1 ± 7.4 | 0.81a | 35.4 ± 6.9 | 38.7 ± 7.8 | 0.09a |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
TMI trunk muscle mass index, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, GHM geniohyoid muscle, CSA cross-sectional area, EI echo intensity.
at-test.
bMann–Whitney test.