Table 4.
Multiple regression analysis with swallowing-related muscle characteristics as dependent variables.
| Dependent variable | Independent variable | B (95% CI) | Standard partial regression coefficient | p-value | VIF | Adjusted R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSA of GHM | Age | − 2.37 (− 3.94 to − 0.80) | − 0.23 | 0.003 | 1.10 | 0.19 |
| Sex | − 4.90 (− 22.68 to 12.88) | − 0.06 | 0.51 | 1.32 | ||
| MNA-SF point | − 0.72 (− 2.90 to 1.47) | − 0.05 | 0.52 | 1.09 | ||
| Tooth loss | − 5.44 (− 16.76 to 5.88) | − 0.07 | 0.34 | 1.04 | ||
| TMI | 24.87 (13.93 to 35.80) | 0. 40 | < 0.001 | 1.34 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 1.44 (− 2.80 to 5.68) | 0.05 | 0.50 | 1.08 | ||
| CSA of GHM | Age | − 2.07 (− 3.71 to − 0.42) | − 0.20 | 0.01 | 1.10 | 0.14 |
| Sex | − 6.57 (− 26.04 to 12.91) | − 0.06 | 0.51 | 1.51 | ||
| MNA-SF point | − 0.27 (− 2.51 to 1.97) | − 0.02 | 0.81 | 1.07 | ||
| Tooth loss | − 5.96 (− 17.71 to 5.78) | − 0.08 | 0.32 | 1.05 | ||
| SMI | 13.65 (5.13 to 22.17) | 0.30 | 0.002 | 1.47 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 0.63 (− 3.73 to 4.98) | 0.02 | 0.78 | 1.07 | ||
| CSA of tongue | Age | − 7.88 (− 17.24 to 1.48) | − 0.14 | 0. 10 | 1.06 | 0.13 |
| Sex | − 99.66 (− 205.88 to 6.56) | − 0.17 | 0.07 | 1.34 | ||
| MNA-SF point | − 5.37 (− 18.40 to 7.66) | − 0.07 | 0.42 | 1.09 | ||
| Tooth loss | 30.64 (− 36.99 to 98.26) | 0.07 | 0.37 | 1.04 | ||
| TMI | 105.19 (39.89 to 170.50) | 0.29 | 0.002 | 1.34 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 7.80 (− 17.54 to 33.15) | 0.05 | 0.54 | 1.08 | ||
| CSA of tongue | Age | − 5.12 (− 14.40 to 4.15) | − 0.09 | 0.34 | 1.51 | 0.17 |
| Sex | − 52.74 (− 162.50 to 57.03) | − 0.10 | 0.27 | 1.48 | ||
| MNA-SF point | − 4.36 (− 16.98 to 8.26) | − 0.06 | 0.50 | 1.04 | ||
| Tooth loss | 23.38 (− 39.85 to 91.76) | 0.06 | 0.50 | 1.04 | ||
| SMI | 100.93 (52.91 to 148.33) | 0.39 | < 0.001 | 1.47 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 7.78 (− 15.92 to 31.47) | 0.05 | 0.52 | 1.04 | ||
| EI of GHM | Age | 0.22 (− 0.07 to 0.51) | 0.12 | 0.14 | 1.06 | 0.13 |
| Sex | 5.15 (1.87 to 8.44) | 0.28 | 0.002 | 1.34 | ||
| MNA-SF point | 0.42 (− 0.07 to 0.51) | 0.17 | 0.25 | 1.09 | ||
| Tooth loss | 1.22 (− 0.87 to 3.31) | 0.09 | 0.04 | 1.04 | ||
| TMI | − 1.69 (− 3.70 to 0.33) | − 0.15 | 0.10 | 1.34 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 0.20 (− 0.58 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.61 | 1.08 | ||
| EI of GHM | Age | 0.23 (− 0.75 to − 0.16) | 0.13 | 0.12 | 1.10 | 0.12 |
| Sex | 6.61 (− 2.92 to 4.11) | 0.36 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | ||
| MNA-SF point | 0.37 (− 0.33 to 0.47) | 0.15 | 0.08 | 1.07 | ||
| Tooth loss | 1.13 (− 0.87 to 3.36) | 0.09 | 0.30 | 1.05 | ||
| SMI | 0.15 (− 0.65 to 2.42) | 0.02 | 0.85 | 1.47 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 0.32 (− 1.46 to 0.11) | 0.07 | 0.42 | 1.07 | ||
| EI of tongue | Age | 0.26 (− 0.01 to 0.53) | 0.16 | 0.05 | 1.34 | 0.13 |
| Sex | 6.51 (3.47 to 9.56) | 0.39 | < 0.001 | 1.06 | ||
| MNA-SF point | 0.26 (− 0.11 to 0.63) | 0.11 | 0.17 | 1.09 | ||
| Tooth loss | 0.76 (− 1.18 to 2.70) | 0.06 | 0.44 | 1.04 | ||
| TMI | 0.25 (− 1.62 to 2.13) | 0.02 | 0.79 | 1.34 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 0.56 (− 0.17 to 1.29) | 0.13 | 0.13 | 1.08 | ||
| EI of tongue | Age | 0.31 (0.04 to − 0.58) | 0.19 | 0.03 | 1.10 | 0.15 |
| Sex | 8.03 (4.85 to 11.21) | 0.48 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | ||
| MNA-SF point | 0.24 (− 0.33 to 0.47) | 0.11 | 0.20 | 1.07 | ||
| Tooth loss | 0.61 (− 1.31 to 2.53) | 0.05 | 0.53 | 1.05 | ||
| SMI | 1.37 (− 0.03 to 2.76) | 0.18 | 0.06 | 1.47 | ||
| EAT-10 score | 0.63 (− 0.09 to 1.34) | 0.14 | 0.09 | 1.07 |
B partial regression coefficient, R coefficient of determination, CI confidence interval, CSA cross-sectional area, GHM geniohyoid muscle, MNA-SF mini nutritional assessment-short form, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, TMI trunk muscle mass index, EAT-10 eating assessment tool-10, EI echo intensity, VIF variance inflation factor.