Table 1:
Pre-operative Baseline Characteristics for TVS versus No TVS
| Characteristics | No TVS | TVS |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical characteristics | ||
| N | 28 | 32 |
| Age, mean (SD a ) – years | 58.4 (12.2) | 59.3 (12.0) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Male | 23 (82.1%) | 25 (78.1%) |
| Female | 5 (17.9%) | 7 (21.9%) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| Black or African American | 18 (64.3%) | 19 (63.3%) |
| White or Caucasian | 9 (32.1%) | 11 (36.7%) |
| BSA b , mean (SD) – m2 | 2.1 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) |
| Pre-op chronic conditions, n (%) | ||
| Insulin dependent diabetes | 3 (10.7%) | 6 (18.8%) |
| Stroke or TIAc | 4 (14.3%) | 5 (15.6%) |
| CKDd, ≥ Stage 3 | 18 (64.3%) | 17 (53.1%) |
| DVTe or PEf | 5 (17.9%) | 5 (15.6%) |
| Previous Cardiac Surgery, n (%) | 9 (32.1%) | 8 (25.0%) |
| Pre-operative heart failure characteristics | ||
| INTERMACS Profile, n (%) | ||
| 2 – Progressive decline | 16 (57.1%) | 17 (53.1%) |
| 3 – Stable but inotrope dependent | 4 (14.3%) | 10 (31.3%) |
| 4 – Resting symptoms | 8 (28.6%) | 5 (15.6%) |
| Etiology of Cardiomyopathy, n (%) | ||
| Ischemic | 10 (35.7%) | 12 (37.5%) |
| Non-ischemic | 18 (64.3%) | 16 (50.0%) |
| Mixed | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (12.5%) |
| Type of pre-operative support, n (%) | ||
| IVg inotropes | 19 (67.9%) | 27 (84.4%) |
| IABPh | 14 (50.0%) | 15 (46.9%) |
| Temporary LVAD | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (6.3%) |
| Pre-operative hemodynamic measurements and indices | ||
| PVR i , median (Q1, Q3 j ) – mmHg/L/min | 3.0 (2.1, 8.0) | 3.7 (2.3, 5.2) |
| CO k , mean (SD) – L/min | 3.7 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.5) |
| CI l , mean (SD) – L/min/m2 | 1.8 (0.5) | 2.0 (0.6) |
| PAm Systolic pressure, mean (SD) – mmHg | 53.6 (13.3) | 61.3 (11.2) |
| PA Diastolic pressure, mean (SD) – mmHg | 26.9 (8.0) | 31.7 (7.4) |
| PCWP n , mean (SD) -- mmHg | 24.9 (8.0) | 26.6 (7.9) |
| CVP o , mean (SD) -- mmHg | 16.2 (6.4) | 14.8 (5.7) |
| RVSWi p , mean (SD) – mmHg mL/m2 | 438.3 (219.7) | 606.1 (350.7) |
| PAPi q , median (Q1, Q3) | 1.76 (0.96, 2.82) | 2.29 (1.45, 2.92) |
| CVP/PCWP, mean (SD) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.5) |
| Pre-operative echocardiogram measurements | ||
| TR severity, n (%) | ||
| Moderate | 13 (46.4%) | 18 (56.3%) |
| Severe | 15 (53.6%) | 14 (43.8%) |
| RV dysfunction severity, n (%) | ||
| None/mild | 4 (14.3%) | 5 (15.6%) |
| Moderate | 14 (50.0%) | 15 (46.9%) |
| Severe | 10 (35.7%) | 12 (37.5%) |
| Pre-operative labs, mean (SD) | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.8 (1.1) |
| Bilirubin, total, mg/dL | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.9 (2.4) |
Abbreviations:
a
SD - standard deviation,
b
BSA – body surface area,
c
TIA – transient ischemic attack,
d
CKD – chronic kidney disease,
e
DVT – deep vein thrombosis,
f
PE – pulmonary embolism,
g
IV – intravenous,
h
IABP – intra-aortic balloon pump,
i
PVR – pulmonary vascular resistance,
j
Q – quartile,
k
CO – cardiac output,
l
CI – cardiac index,
m
PA – pulmonary artery,
n
PCWP – pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
o
CVP – central venous pressure,
p
RVSWi – right ventricular stroke work index,
q
PAPi – pulmonary artery pulsatility index