Table 4.
The function of histone methyltransferases in GBM.
| Enzyme | Associated role in GBM | Cell lines/model system used | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| EZH2 | Overexpressed in GBM. Increases cell cycle progression, invasiveness, tumorigenicity, and tumor growth. Modulates metabolism, differentiation, and immune signaling. | A172, BCRC 60380, BCRC 60163, GL261, H4, LN18, LN229, N33, T98G, U87MG, U251, patient-derived GSCs, patient-derived neurospheres, nude mouse model, syngeneic mouse model | (12–14, 19, 32, 127, 128, 130, 132, 134–145, 176–186) |
| EHMT2 | Promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion. Reduces differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy. | A172, LN18, LN229, U87MG, U251MG, patient derived GBM cell cultures, patient derived GSCs, nude mouse model | (148–152, 187) |
| Suv39H1 | Overexpressed in GBM. Promotes proliferation, migration, and colony formation. | T98G, U87MG | (155, 156) |
| SETDB1 | Overexpressed in GBM. Promotes proliferation, migration, and colony formation. | T98G, U87MG | (155, 156) |
| PRMT1 | Decreases GBM cell viability in a counter-regulatory fashion to EHMT2 | A172, U87MG | (152) |
| PRMT3 | Overexpressed in GBM. Regulates glycolysis and inhibition increases apoptosis, inhibitors cell cycle progression, decreases tumor growth | U87, U251, patient derived GSCs, nude mouse flank model | (163) |
| PRMT5 | Overexpressed in GBM. Promotes colony formation, migration, and cell cycle progression. | LN229, U87EGFRvIII, patient derived GBM cell cultures, patient derived neurospheres, patient derived GSCs, zebrafish GBM model, nude mouse model | (161, 164, 166, 167) |
| PRMT6 | Overexpressed in GBM. Promotes cell proliferation. | T98G, U87, patient derived GBM cells, nude mouse model | (162) |
| MLL1 | Promotes self-renewal and tumor formation. | Patient derived GSCs, nude mouse model | (168) |
| MLL5 | Promotes self-renewal | Patient derived GBM cell lines, nude mouse model | (169) |
| SMYD3 | Promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity | HEB, LN18, T98G, U87, U373, nude mouse flank model | (188) |
| DPY30 | Promotes cell viability through regulation of hypoxia and angiogenesis | Patient derived GBM cell lines, patient derived GSCs, nude mouse model | (170, 189) |
| SETD2 | Antiproliferative effects are neutralized in GBM through mutation or EGFR suppression | Patient derived GBM cell lines, patient derived GSCs, nude mouse model | (171, 172) |
| KMT5B/5C | Dysregulation implicated in gliomagenesis | Baboon and mouse-derived NSCs | (173) |
A summary of the functions of individual histone methytransferase enzymes in GBM pathophysiology, the associated histone post-translational modification, and the corresponding model system(s) used and reference to the original publication(s).