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. 2023 May 2;11:1146089. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1146089

Table 1.

Baseline maternal and infant characteristics.

Late preterm infant group BFR (n = 39)
NEF (n = 22) STF (n = 18)
Hospital of birth, n (%)
 Other Hospital 0 (0.0) 1 (5.6) 1 (2.6)
 Flinders Medical Centre 5 (22.7) 2 (11.1) 0 (0.0)
 Lyell McEwin Hospital 5 (22.7) 5 (27.8) 0 (0.0)
 Women's and Children's Hospital 12 (54.5) 10 (55.6) 38 (97.4)
Racea–European-descent Australian, n (%) 18 (81.8) 15 (83.3) 29 (74.4)
Maternal weight: mean (SD) 78.9 (21.4) 81.2 (16.3) 67.2 (7.6)
Maternal BMI: mean (SD) 26.2 (4.4) 30.1 (6.6) 24.9 (2.5)
Mother smoked during pregnancy, n (%) 4 (18.2) 10 (55.6) 2 (5.1)
Completion of secondary schooling, n (%) 9 (40.9) 9 (50.0) 33 (84.6)
Completion of further study, n (%) 13 (59.1) 12 (66.7) 37 (94.9)
Primiparous, n (%) 7 (31.8) 5 (27.8) 21 (53.8)
Caesarian section delivery 11 (50.0) 10 (55.6) 7 (17.9)
Infant sex male, n (%) 11 (50.0) 11 (61.1) 17 (43.6)
Infant from a twin birthb, n (%) 8 (36.4) 4 (22.2)
GA late preterm infants n (%)
 <35 weeks 6 (27.3) 3 (16.7) N/A
 >35 weeks 16 (72.7) 15 (83.3) N/A
PMA at enrolment (week): median (IQR) 40.0 (37.9–41.5) 40.1 (37.9–41.7) 41.4 (41.1–41.9)
Infant birth weight (gm): mean (SD) 3,203.4 (803.5) 3,187.4 (745.9) 3,602.9 (425.2)
Infant birth length (cm): mean (SD) 48.6 (2.4) 49.3 (3.5) 51.6 (2.1)
Infant birth HC (cm): mean (SD) 34.6 (2.2) 34.3 (1.9) 35.8 (1.2)
% fat: Mean (SD) 14.8 (7.3) 14.0 (6.7) 12.8 (4.0)
% fat free mass: mean (SD) 85.2 (7.3) 86.0 (6.7) 87.2 (4.0)
Fat mass: mean (SD) 0.5 (0.4) 0.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.2)
Body mass: mean (SD) 3.2 (0.8) 3.2 (0.8) 3.6 (0.4)
Body volume: mean (SD) 3.1 (0.8) 3.1 (0.8) 3.5 (0.4)
Body density: mean (SD) 1.0 (0.0) 1.0 (0.0) 1.0 (0.0)
Fat free mass density: mean (SD) 1.1 (0.0) 1.1 (0.0) 1.1 (0.0)

BFR, breastfeeding reference group; HC, head circumference; NEF, nutrient enriched formula group; PMA, post-menstrual age; STF, standard term formula group.

a

Category was: European-descent Australian, European, Middle Eastern or Arabic.

b

NEF group includes four twin pairs, STF group Includes one twin pair and two infants from a twin birth where only one twin participated.