Table 1.
Demographic summary, questionnaire measures and tissue maps in the Low CT and High CT groups for GABA Corr, Glu Corr metabolite and GMV analysis.
| Characteristic | GABA Corr | Glu Corr | STG GMV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low CT (n = 25) | High CT (n = 26) | t/χ 2 | p | Low CT (n = 27) | High CT (n = 29) | t/χ 2 | p | Low CT (n = 22) | High CT (n = 27) | t/χ 2 | p | |
| Sex (M/F) | 8/17 | 6/20 | 0.51 | 0.475 | 8/19 | 6/23 | 0.59 | 0.440 | 6/16 | 6/21 | 0.17 | 0.683 |
| Age | 19.92 (1.66) | 20.69 (1.49) | −1.75 | 0.086 | 20.00 (1.61) | 20.79 (1.80) | −1.73 | 0.089 | 20.14 (1.70) | 20.67 (1.52) | −1.15 | 0.127 |
| WRAT-R IQ | 75.72 (5.70) | 75.42 (4.47) | 0.21 | 0.837 | 75.92 (5.56) | 75.21 (4.57) | 0.53 | 0.598 | 75.55 (5.96) | 75.89 (3.93) | −0.24 | 0.405 |
| Education, years | 14.88 (3.27) | 15.96 (1.84) | −1.46 | 0.150 | 15.03 (3.20) | 15.38 (3.28) | −0.39 | 0.695 | 15.59 (2.02) | 15.96 (1.79) | −0.69 | 0.248 |
| CTQ-total | 26.88 (1.42) | 57.54 (12.51) | −12.18 | <0.001 | 26.77 (1.42) | 57.21 (12.22) | −12.85 | <0.001 | 26.73 (1.49) | 56.93 (12.58) | −11.17 | <0.001 |
| Emotional abuse | 5.76 (0.97) | 14.38 (3.89) | −10.77 | <0.001 | 5.70 (0.95) | 14.31 (3.82) | −11.38 | <0.001 | 5.55 (0.86) | 14.19 (3.89) | −10.19 | <0.001 |
| Physical abuse | 5.00 (0.00) | 9.96 (5.02) | −4.94 | <0.001 | 5.00 (0.00) | 9.76 (4.78) | −5.17 | <0.001 | 5.00 (0.00) | 10.00 (4.85) | −4.82 | <0.001 |
| Sexual abuse | 5.00 (0.00) | 7.65 (4.63) | −2.86 | 0.006 | 5.00 (0.00) | 7.66 (4.49) | −3.07 | 0.003 | 5.00 (0.00) | 7.48 (4.48) | −2.60 | 0.006 |
| Emotional neglect | 5.96 (1.40) | 14.77 (3.84) | −10.80 | <0.001 | 5.92 (1.35) | 14.79 (3.83) | −11.38 | <0.001 | 6.00 (1.45) | 14.74 (3.77) | −10.26 | <0.001 |
| Physical neglect | 5.16 (0.37) | 10.77 (3.65) | −7.65 | <0.001 | 5.14 (0.36) | 10.69 (3.55) | −8.07 | <0.001 | 5.18 (0.39) | 10.52 (3.62) | −6.87 | <0.001 |
| CD-RISC | 69.60 (8.47) | 62.19 (17.28) | 1.93 | 0.059 | 69.59 (8.54) | 61.69 (18.04) | 2.07 | 0.043 | 70.59 (7.83) | 62.07 (17.86) | 2.08 | 0.022 |
| DASS_Depression | 3.04 (3.56) | 11.23 (7.52) | −4.94 | <0.001 | 3.56 (3.91) | 11.90 (9.29) | −4.32 | <0.001 | 3.23 (3.48) | 11.67 (9.19) | −4.07 | <0.001 |
| DASS_Anxiety | 7.76 (5.77) | 13.50 (7.78) | −2.98 | 0.004 | 3.30 (3.22) | 9.38 (7.73) | −3.79 | <0.001 | 2.91 (3.10) | 8.81 (7.20) | −3.58 | <0.001 |
| DASS_Stress | 3.16 (3.30) | 9.04 (7.98) | −3.41 | <0.001 | 7.44 (5.56) | 14.07 (7.90) | −3.58 | <0.001 | 6.59 (5.60) | 13.56 (7.64) | −3.56 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use* | 1.55 (3.85) | 0.08 (0.28) | 1.87 | 0.069 | 1.40 (3.68) | 0.37 (1.48) | 1.32 | 0.195 | 0.81 (2.12) | 0.37 (1.48) | 0.812 | 0.211 |
| Alcohol use** | 1.73 (2.34) | 1.44 (1.90) | 0.48 | 0.634 | 1.78 (2.29) | 1.50 (1.94) | 0.50 | 0.617 | 1.96 (2.41) | 1.57 (1.98) | 0.621 | 0.269 |
| CEQ | 3.20 (7.08) | 2.19 (3.45) | 0.65 | 0.519 | 3.03 (6.83) | 2.17 (3.34) | 0.61 | 0.545 | 3.18 (7.22) | 2.11 (3.41) | 0.684 | 0.498 |
| Handedness (R/L) | 20/5 | 23/3 | 0.69 | 0.406 | 21/6 | 26/3 | 1.46 | 0.227 | 6/16 | 24/3 | 2.11 | 0.146 |
| GM volume | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.62 (0.08) | 0.50 | 0.620 | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.62 (0.08) | 0.44 | 0.665 | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.62 (0.08) | 0.241 | 0.405 |
| WM volume | 0.20 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.14) | −1.21 | 0.233 | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.14) | −1.06 | 0.293 | 0.23 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.14) | −0.544 | 0.294 |
| CSF volume | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.09) | 1.27 | 0.211 | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.09) | 1.16 | 0.253 | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.576 | 0.284 |
CD-RISC: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale; CEQ: Cannabis Experience Questionnaire; CSF: cerebro-spinal fluid; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DASS: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; F: female; GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid; GM: grey matter; GMV: grey matter volumes; L: left; M: male; R: right; S: state; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; STG: superior temporal gyrus; T: trait; WM: white matter; WRAT-R: Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised.
*
cigarettes/d. ** units/d.