Table 2.
Diabetes HL, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and medical examination results of participants
| Variable | n (%) | Mean ± SD (Min – Max) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total HL | 20.94 ± 3.93 (13–30) | |||
| Functional literacy (scores ≤ 20) | 219(52.9%) | |||
| Interactive literacy (scores 21–27) | 149(36.0%) | |||
| Critical literacy (scores ≥ 28) | 46(11.1%) | |||
| Domain | ||||
| Access skills | 2.94 ± 1.06 (2–5) | |||
| Cognitive skills | 3.50 ± 0.79 (2–5) | |||
| Communication skills | 3.79 ± 0.59 (2–5) | |||
| Decision skills | 3.75 ± 0.69 (2–5) | |||
| Self-management skills | 3.95 ± 0.78 (2–5) | |||
| Media skill | 3.01 ± 0.78 (2–5) | |||
| Self-efficacy | 20.17 ± 3.08 (16–28) | |||
| Low level (scores ≤ 17) | 140(33.8%) | |||
| Moderate level (scores 18–23) | 212(51.2%) | |||
| High level (scores ≥ 24) | 62(15.0%) | |||
| Self-care behaviors | 98.86 ± 16.91 (78–198) | |||
| Low level (scores ≤ 89) | 170(41.1%) | |||
| Moderate level (scores 90–119) | 146(35.3%) | |||
| High level (scores ≥ 120) | 98(23.6%) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.67 ± 2.85 (16.0–36.2) | |||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 20(4.8%) | |||
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 235(56.8%) | |||
| Overweight (23.0-29.9) | 92(22.2%) | |||
| Obesity (≥ 30) | 67 (16.2% | |||
| SBP | 141 ± 16 (101–186) | |||
| < 140 mmHg | 194(46.9%) | |||
| ≥ 140 mmHg | 220(53.1%) | |||
| DBP | 80 ± 8 (60–106) | |||
| < 90 mmHg | 364(87.9%) | |||
| ≥ 90 mmHg | 50(12.1%) | |||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 78.3 ± 20.4 (27.3–120.1) | |||
| G1-Normal (≥ 90) | 163(39.4%) | |||
| G2-Mildly decreased (60–89) | 148(35.7%) | |||
| G3a-Mildly to moderately decreased (45–59) | 81(19.6%) | |||
| G3b-Moderately to severely decreased (30–44) | 20(4.8%) | |||
| G4-Severely decreased (15–29) | 2(0.5%) | |||
| G5-Kidney failure (< 15) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| FBS (mg/dL) | 108.5 ± 29.5 (56–256) | |||
| Normal (< 100) | 222(53.6%) | |||
| Impaired fasting glucose (100–125) | 120(29.0%) | |||
| Abnormal (≥ 126) | 72(17.4%) | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.58 ± 1.21 (3.50–11.00) | |||
| Normal (< 6.5) | 205(49.5%) | |||
| Abnormal (≥ 6.5) | 209(50.5%) | |||