Table 17.

Assessment of ABMs for claw conditions or claw diseases in terms of feasibility, sensitivity and specificity

ABM	Description of the ABM
Digital dermatitis	Definition: Bacterial foot lesion that alters gait or posture of the animal. M‐stages scoring system classifies the severity of the lesions (Egger‐Danner et al., 2020 ‐ ICAR Claw Health Atlas). Higher score means more severe lesions. Feasibility: High – less feasible than gait scoring but more feasible than scoring of all lesion types Sensitivity and Specificity: High sensitivity and high specificity (relates solely to identification of digital dermatitis)
Lesions of the claws	Definition: Scoring system for different types of claw lesions (Egger‐Danner et al., 2020 – ICAR Claw Health Atlas). Higher score means more severe lesions. Feasibility: Low – possible if captured from routine foot trimming records otherwise not easily conducted during on‐farm inspections Sensitivity and Specificity: High sensitivity but specificity dependent on the lesion type (not all lesions result in clinical lameness which reduces specificity) Prevalence by lesion type and severity would enhance interpretability