Skip to main content
. 2023 May 16;21(5):e07993. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7993

Table 56.

Selected welfare consequences for farm characteristic 5; farms that do not provide access to pasture for at least 2 months of the year (shading indicates a majority voted to include the consequence which was then carried forward)

Welfare consequence Number of experts (n = 7) that voted to include
Locomotory disorders 6
Restriction of movement 6
Inability to perform feed‐ and exploration‐related behaviours 4
Resting problems 4
Skin or soft tissue damage 4
Gastro‐enteric OR Respiratory disorders 2
Group OR handling OR sensory stressors 2
Inability to perform comfort behaviour 2
Mastitis 2
Metabolic disorders 2
Prolonged hunger OR thirst 2
Thermoregulatory Stress 2
Inability to perform play behaviour 1
Musculoskeletal disorders 1
Reproduction‐related stressors 1