Table B.4.

Description of the literature search on restriction of movement

Literature search on review articles
Keyword combination of the ‘topic search’	TS = (dairy AND cow* OR cattle) AND (confine* OR move* OR “locomotor activity” OR exercise OR “social behav*” OR “lying behav*” OR “normal behav*” OR “sterotyp*”) AND (housing OR husbandry OR pasture OR grazing OR outdoor OR yard OR paddock).
Defined time period	1 January 2010 and 2022 (8.2.2022)
Exclusion criteria	–exclusion of non‐review articles, –exclusion of articles in a language other than English or German, –exclusion of articles from tropical countries, –exclusion of articles published in categories others than agricultural animal sciences, veterinary sciences, behavioural sciences and multidisciplinary sciences, –exclusion of articles on husbandry systems or practices other than identified under Tor1, –exclusion of review of methods' quality aspects only (e.g. reliability aspects), –exclusion of indicators not (directly) relating to animal welfare (e.g. milk flavour) and/or not to restriction of movement (e.g. feeding during transition period), –exclusion of foot and leg disorders.
Outcome	Out of 57 search results, 11 review articles were identified as relevant. Four further review articles cited in the selected literature were additionally identified (snowball search).
Literature search on research articles
Keyword combination of the ‘topic search’	TS = (dairy AND (cow* OR cattle)) AND TS = (lying OR cleanliness OR “social behav*” OR “locomot* activity” OR “locomotion behav*”) AND TS = (housing OR husbandry OR pasture)
Defined time period	2018‐01‐01 to current (11.2.2022)
Exclusion criteria	–exclusion of non‐research articles, –exclusion of articles in a language other than English, –exclusion of articles from countries other than European countries, USA and Canada, –exclusion of articles published in categories other than agricultural animal sciences, veterinary sciences and behavioural sciences, –exclusion of articles on husbandry systems or practices other than identified under Tor1, –exclusion of investigation of methods quality aspects only, –exclusion of indicators not (directly) relating to animal welfare, –exclusion of descriptive case studies.
Outcome	The search resulted in 164 hits (some of which were articles that had already been found via the snowball search) of which 13 articles were identified as relevant. In total, 56 research articles were reviewed in detail.