Table D.10.

Prevalence of integument alterations reported for tie‐stall systems

Country	n (a)	Herd size,ø (range)	Level	Body region	Variable	Prevalence	Reference
AT, IT	93	14.4	Herd mean	Hock	% alteration (b)	70.3	Katzenberger et al. (2020)
CAN	100	> 40	Cow	Hock	% severe (c)	58.3	Bouffard et al. (2017)
CH	27	20 (15–49)	Cow	Hock	% mild (d)	62.2	Bernhard et al. (2020)
					% lesion	34.4
					% swelling	24.0
AT, IT	93	14.4	Herd mean	Knee	% alteration (b)	65.5	Katzenberger et al. (2020)
CAN	100	> 40	Cow	Knee	% severe (c)	43.8	Bouffard et al. (2017)
CH	27	20 (15–49)	Cow	Knee	% mild (d)	54.4	Bernhard et al. (2020)
					% lesion	7.7
					% swelling	6.1
CH	27	20 (15–49)	Cow	Stifle	% mild (d)	18.6	Bernhard et al. (2020)
					% lesion	8.9
					% swelling	3.4

^(a)Number of farms.

^(b)Hairless patches or lesion/swelling.

^(c)Lesion/swelling.

^(d)Hairless patches.