. 2023 May 16;21(5):e07993. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7993

Table D.13.

Effects of access to pasture (or outdoor loafing) on lameness prevalence or mean locomotion scores of dairy cows

Country	System ^(a)	Time ^(b)	Group comparisons	Variable	n (herds)	n (animals)	Analysis ^(c)	Effect	Reference
DE	Tie‐stall	na	Outdoor access (vs. zero‐grazing)	Lame (no/yes)	56	1,006	MA	ns	Oehm et al. (2020)
IT	Tie‐stall	Spring –winter	Zero‐grazing Before grazing During grazing After grazing	% lame	24	–	UA	↓ ^(d)	Corazzin et al. (2010)
RO	Tie‐stall	Winter	Outdoor access (vs. zero‐grazing)	% lame	80	3,192	UA	↓	Popescu et al. (2013)
CAN	Cubicle	May–January	Zero‐grazing Overnight pasture	Mean score	1	50	MA	ns	Chapinal et al. (2010)
DE	Cubicle	Winter, summer	Zero‐grazing < 6 h grazing ^(e) 6–10 h grazing ^(e) > 10 h grazing ^(d)	% lame	61	3,128	MA	↓	Armbrecht et al. (2019)
DE	Cubicle	Winter	Zero‐grazing Summer pasture ^(f)	% severe lame	64	–	MA	ns	Gieseke et al. (2020)
DK	Cubicle	Winter	Zero‐grazing Summer grazing	% lame	37	2,593	MA	ns	Andreasen and Forkman (2012)
DK	Cubicle	Winter, summer	Winter housing Summer grazing	% lame	56	3,148	UA	ns	Burow et al. (2013a)
NL	Cubicle	Winter	Zero‐grazing Summer grazing	% lame	179	–	MA	↓	de Vries et al. (2015)
USA	Cubicle	Summer	Zero‐grazing Dry cows grazing	% lame	1	40	MA	↓	Chapinal et al. (2013)
Algeria	Various	Winter	Zero‐grazing Summer‐grazing All‐year grazing	% lame	14	349	UA	↓	Dendani‐Chadi et al. (2020)
AT, IT	Various	Summer	Zero‐grazing Summer pasture	% lame	204	1,891	MA	↓	Katzenberger et al. (2020)
DE	Various	Summer	Zero‐grazing Medium grazing High grazing	% lame	201	8,109	MA	↓	Sjöström et al. (2018)
DE	Various	Winter, summer	< 6 h grazing < 12 h grazing ≥ 12 h grazing	% lame	32	–	MA	↓	Wagner et al. (2017)
IRL	Pasture‐based	Winter, summer	Winter housing Summer grazing ^(g)	% lame	64	–	UA	ns	Crossley et al. (2021)

↓ = significantly less lameness during grazing or with increased time spent on pasture (p < 0.05), ns = no significant (p ≥ 0.05) or marginal (p ≥ 0.1) effect.

^(a)

Housing systems or husbandry practices used on the investigated farms.

^(b)

Period of data collection.

^(c)

Statistical analysis: MA = multivariable analysis (in the case of univariable preselection of factors only effects of the final models were considered), UA = univariable analysis.

^(d)

Significant differences were only found between prevalence before (12.4%) and during grazing (5.2%).

^(e)

Access to pasture at ≥ 120 days/year.

^(f)

Access to pasture for < 6 h/day.

^(g)

Access to pasture at > 200 days/year.