Table H.1.
Prevalence of metabolic disorders reported in different housing systems
| Group | Country | n (a) | Mean herd size (range) | Variable | Level | Measure | Mean/prevalence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic disorders reported for tie‐stall systems | ||||||||
| ACID‐sc | AT | 264 | 15 (IQR: 7) | FPR < 1 | Herd | Median | 8% | Schenkenfelder and Winckler (2022) |
| ACID‐sc | USA | 201 | na | FPR < 1.0 | Herd | Prevalence | 11.9, 13.1, 8.6% (b) | Dechow et al. (2011) |
| KETO‐c | NO | 812 | 27 (15–55) | inci. rate/100 cow years | Herd | Incidence | 3.39% | Simensen et al. (2010) |
| KETO‐sc | AT | 264 | 15 (IQR: 7) | FPR > 1.5 | Herd | Median | 12% | Schenkenfelder and Winckler (2022) |
| KETO‐sc | USA | 201 | na | fat Δ 1st to nadir | Herd | Prevalence | 1.24, 1.32, 1,27% (b) | Dechow et al. (2011) |
| Metabolic disorders reported for loose housing systems with mainly cubicle systems | ||||||||
| ACID‐sc | AT | 392 | 29 (IQR: 22) | FPR < 1 | Herd | Median | 9% | Schenkenfelder and Winckler (2022) |
| ACID‐sc | USA | 113 | na | FPR < 1.0 | Herd | Prevalence | 14.1%, 15.1%(b) | Dechow et al. (2011) |
| KETO‐c | DE, FR, IT, NL, UK | 131 | 294 (± 28) | Diagnoses | Herd | Prevalence | 1.6% | Berge and Vertenten (2014) |
| KETO‐c | NO | 812 | 27 (15–55) | Inci rate/100 cow years | Herd | Incidence | 1.3% | Simensen et al. (2010) |
| KETO‐sc | AT | 392 | 29 (IQR: 22) | FPR >1.5 | Herd | Median | 11% | Schenkenfelder and Winckler (2022) |
| KETO‐sc | AT, DE, IT, NL, SI, SE | 16 | (14–175) | FPR > 1.4 | Herd | Prevalence | 10.3% | Emanuelson et al. (2022) |
| KETO‐sc | DE | 51 | 111.8 (20–420) | BHB ≥1.2 mmol/L | Herd | Prevalence | 13.7%, 33.3% (c) | Oetting‐Neumann et al. (2018) |
| KETO‐sc | DE | 51 | 111.8 (20–420) | Elevated NEFA | Herd | Prevalence | 51%, 47.1% (c) | Oetting‐Neumann et al. (2018) |
| KETO‐sc | DE, FR, IT, NL, UK | 107 | na | BHB ≥ 100 μmol/L | Herd | Prevalence | 39% | Berge and Vertenten ( 2014) |
| KETO‐sc | USA | 113 | na | fat Δ 1st to nadir | Herd | Prevalence | 1.39%, 1.29% (b) | Dechow et al. (2011) |
| Metabolic disorders reported for straw yard systems and compost bedded pack systems | ||||||||
| KETO‐sc | DE, FR, IT, NL, UK | 14 | na | BHB ≥ 100 μmol/L | Herd | Prevalence | 54% | Berge and Vertenten (2014) |
| KETO‐sc | AT, DE, IT, NL, SI, SE | 16 | (14–175) | FPR > 1.4 | Herd | Prevalence | 9.8% | Emanuelson et al. (2022) |
(a)
Number of farms.
(b)
Confined, with outdoor access and TMR, with outdoor access and component feeding.
(c)
Primiparous, multiparous cows.