Table 2.
Trial-wide and country-specific maternal characteristics
| Guatemala (n=750) | India (n=773) | Peru (n=730) | Rwanda (n=749) | Overall (n=3002) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||||
| <20 | 115 (15%) | 122 (16%) | 93 (13%) | 46 (6%) | 376 (13%) | |
| 20–24 | 303 (40%) | 373 (48%) | 261 (36%) | 187 (25%) | 1124 (37%) | |
| 25–29 | 221 (29%) | 223 (29%) | 232 (32%) | 280 (37%) | 956 (32%) | |
| 30–35 | 111 (15%) | 55 (7%) | 144 (20%) | 236 (32%) | 546 (18%) | |
| Gestational age at recruitment, weeks | 14·3 (3·0) | 16·0 (3·0) | 15·7 (3·3) | 15·4 (2·8) | 15·3 (3·1) | |
| Nulliparous | ||||||
| Yes | 213 (28%) | 442 (57%) | 278 (38%) | 218 (29%) | 1151 (38%) | |
| No | 537 (72%) | 337 (44%) | 448 (61%) | 529 (71%) | 1851 (62%) | |
| Highest level of education completed | ||||||
| No formal education or some primary school | 358 (48%) | 275 (36%) | 32 (4%) | 316 (42%) | 981 (33%) | |
| Primary school or some secondary school | 298 (40%) | 219 (28%) | 224 (31%) | 299 (40%) | 1040 (35%) | |
| Secondary, vocational, or some university | 100 (13%) | 279 (36%) | 474 (65%) | 134 (18%) | 987 (33%) | |
| Height, cm | 148 (5·3) | 151 (5·6) | 152 (4·5) | 156 (5·8) | 152 (6·2) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23·7 (3·3) | 19·7 (3·1) | 26·0 (3·5) | 23·4 (3·4) | 23·2 (4·1) | |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 12·7 (1·04) | 10·3 (1·2) | 14·0 (1·2) | 12·4 (1·5) | 12·4 (1·9) | |
| Minimum dietary diversity score | ||||||
| Low (<4) | 514 (69%) | 600 (78%) | 73 (10%) | 505 (67%) | 1692 (56%) | |
| Medium (4–5) | 206 (27%) | 149 (19%) | 403 (55%) | 208 (28%) | 966 (32%) | |
| High (>5) | 30 (4%) | 24 (3%) | 254 (35%) | 35 (5%) | 343 (11%) | |
| Household food insecurity score | ||||||
| Food secure | 415 (55%) | 628 (81%) | 378 (52%) | 276 (37%) | 1697 (57%) | |
| Mild (1, 2, or 3) | 238 (32%) | 108 (14%) | 251 (34%) | 212 (28%) | 809 (27%) | |
| Moderate (4, 5, or 6) or severe (7 or 8) | 88 (12%) | 33 (4%) | 91 (12%) | 243 (32%) | 455 (15%) | |
| Number of people sleeping in the house | 5·1 (2·6) | 3·7 (1·5) | 4·5 (1·7) | 3·4 (1·4) | 4·3 (2) | |
| Someone in the household smokes | ||||||
| Yes | 39 (5%) | 244 (32%) | 7 (1%) | 28 (4%) | 318 (11%) | |
| No | 711 (95%) | 529 (68%) | 722 (99%) | 719 (96%) | 2681 (89%) | |
| Owns household assets | ||||||
| Colour television | 344 (46%) | 577 (75%) | 470 (64%) | 98 (13%) | 1489 (50%) | |
| Radio | 283 (38%) | 105 (14%) | 540 (74%) | 420 (56%) | 1348 (45%) | |
| Mobile phone | 687 (92%) | 635 (82%) | 699 (96%) | 594 (79%) | 2615 (87%) | |
| Bicycle | 94 (13%) | 120 (16%) | 278 (38%) | 229 (31%) | 721 (24%) | |
| Bank account | 186 (25%) | 695 (90%) | 172 (24%) | 221 (30%) | 1274 (42%) | |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD). Descriptive statistics summary based on 3002 pregnant women included in the final analyses, which includes women with livebirths, valid birthweights, and gestational age at birth less than 300 days.