Table 3.
The mean and standard error of the effectiveness outcomes for 2 groups at 3 different time points.
| Outcomes and groups | Mean | SE | 95% Wald CI | |||||||
|
|
|
|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Self-efficacy | ||||||||||
|
|
Control group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 26.55 | 0.74 | 25.09 | 28.01 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 26.28 | 0.61 | 25.08 | 27.47 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 26.70 | 0.73 | 25.28 | 28.12 | ||||
|
|
mHealtha (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 28.62 | 1.28 | 26.11 | 31.13 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 27.15 | 1.22 | 24.76 | 29.55 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 24.46 | 1.91 | 20.72 | 28.21 | ||||
|
|
mHealth (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 26.50 | 0.78 | 24.97 | 28.03 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 27.86 | 0.70 | 26.49 | 29.24 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 26.53 | 0.89 | 24.79 | 28.28 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+Ib (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 26.07 | 1.35 | 23.43 | 28.71 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 28.25 | 1.12 | 26.05 | 30.45 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 23.29 | 1.04 | 21.25 | 25.32 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+I (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 25.35 | 1.04 | 23.31 | 27.39 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 25.89 | 0.94 | 24.04 | 27.74 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 25.07 | 0.88 | 23.34 | 26.79 | ||||
| Depression | ||||||||||
|
|
Control group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 3.92 | 0.39 | 3.17 | 4.67 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 3.75 | 0.35 | 3.06 | 4.44 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 3.63 | 0.37 | 2.90 | 4.36 | ||||
|
|
mHealth (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 3.31 | 0.94 | 1.47 | 5.15 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 3.54 | 0.69 | 2.18 | 4.90 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 5.00 | 1.21 | 2.64 | 7.36 | ||||
|
|
mHealth (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 3.22 | 0.43 | 2.38 | 4.07 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 3.53 | 0.43 | 2.70 | 4.37 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 3.88 | 0.47 | 2.96 | 4.79 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+I (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 4.29 | 0.70 | 2.91 | 5.66 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 2.96 | 0.49 | 2.01 | 3.92 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 4.68 | 0.76 | 3.19 | 6.17 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+I (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 4.48 | 0.48 | 3.54 | 5.42 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 4.33 | 0.42 | 3.51 | 5.15 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 4.35 | 0.48 | 3.41 | 5.29 | ||||
| Total health service usages (unplanned GOPDc, GPd, emergency department visits, and hospital admissions) | ||||||||||
|
|
Control group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 1.34 | 0.25 | 0.93 | 1.92 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 0.75 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 1.88 | 0.36 | 1.29 | 2.73 | ||||
|
|
mHealth (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 1.23 | 0.96 | 0.27 | 5.64 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.55 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 4.69 | 3.27 | 1.20 | 18.41 | ||||
|
|
mHealth (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 0.93 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 1.50 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.72 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 2.00 | 0.53 | 1.19 | 3.35 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+I (S) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 0.71 | 0.37 | 0.26 | 2.00 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 0.57 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 1.56 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 2.68 | 0.92 | 1.37 | 5.25 | ||||
|
|
mHealth+I (N) group | |||||||||
|
|
|
T3 | 1.65 | 0.48 | 0.94 | 2.90 | ||||
|
|
|
T2 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.57 | 1.76 | ||||
|
|
|
T1 | 2.83 | 0.57 | 1.90 | 4.20 | ||||
amHealth: mobile health.
bmHealth+I: mobile health and interactivity.
cGOPD: general out-patient department.
dGP: general practitioner.