Table 4.
Parameter estimates of outcomes.
| β | SE | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Wald chi-square (df) | P value | ||
| Self-efficacy | |||||||
| (Intercept) | 26.697 | 0.7252 | 25.276 | 28.119 | 1355.098 (1) | <.001a | |
| mHealth+I (S) group | –3.412 | 1.2647 | –5.891 | –0.933 | 7.276 (1) | .007 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group | –1.632 | 1.1412 | –3.869 | 0.605 | 2.045 (1) | .02 | |
| mHealth (S) group | –2.236 | 2.0441 | –6.242 | 1.770 | 1.196 (1) | .27 | |
| mHealth (N) group | –.163 | 1.1468 | –2.410 | 2.085 | 0.020 (1) | .89 | |
| Time=3 | –.145 | 0.7793 | –1.672 | 1.383 | 0.034 (1) | .85 | |
| Time=2 | –.421 | 0.8131 | –2.015 | 1.173 | 0.268 (1) | .61 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=3 | 2.930 | 1.4961 | –0.002 | 5.863 | 3.837 (1) | .05 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=2 | 5.385 | 1.3792 | 2.682 | 8.088 | 15.247 (1) | <.001 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group * Time=3 | .427 | 1.0367 | –1.605 | 2.459 | 0.170 (1) | .68 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group * Time=2 | 1.247 | 1.1156 | –0.939 | 3.434 | 1.250 (1) | .26 | |
| mHealth (S) group * Time=3 | 4.299 | 2.0645 | 0.252 | 8.345 | 4.335 (1) | .04 | |
| mHealth (S) group * Time=2 | 3.113 | 2.6719 | –2.123 | 8.350 | 1.358 (1) | .24 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=3 | .110 | 1.0856 | –2.018 | 2.238 | 0.010 (1) | .92 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=2 | 1.749 | 1.0562 | –0.321 | 3.819 | 2.741 (1) | .10 | |
| Depression | |||||||
| (Intercept) | 3.632 | 0.3712 | 2.904 | 4.359 | 95.736 (1) | <.001 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group | 1.047 | 0.8452 | –0.610 | 2.704 | 1.534 (1) | .22 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group | .716 | 0.6056 | –0.471 | 1.903 | 1.399 (1) | .24 | |
| mHealth (S) group | 1.368 | 1.2623 | –1.106 | 3.842 | 1.175 (1) | .28 | |
| mHealth (N) group | .248 | 0.5967 | –0.922 | 1.417 | 0.172 (1) | .68 | |
| Time=3 | .289 | 0.3990 | –0.493 | 1.072 | 0.526 (1) | .47 | |
| Time=2 | .118 | 0.3526 | –0.573 | 0.809 | 0.113 (1) | .74 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=3 | –.682 | 0.7067 | –2.067 | 0.703 | 0.932 (1) | .33 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=2 | –1.833 | 0.5660 | –2.942 | –0.723 | 10.484 (1) | .001 | |
| mHealth+I (N) Group * Time=3 | –.159 | 0.5678 | –1.272 | 0.954 | 0.078 (1) | .78 | |
| mHealth+I (N) Group * Time=2 | –.140 | 0.5343 | –1.187 | 0.907 | 0.069 (1) | .79 | |
| mHealth (S) group * Time=3 | –1.982 | 0.9156 | –3.776 | –0.187 | 4.685 (1) | .03 | |
| mHealth (S) Group * Time=2 | –1.580 | 1.0993 | –3.735 | 0.575 | 2.066 (1) | .15 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=3 | –.945 | 0.5684 | –2.059 | 0.169 | 2.762 (1) | .10 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=2 | –.463 | 0.5558 | –1.553 | 0.626 | 0.695 (1) | .41 | |
| Total health service usage | |||||||
| (Intercept) | .632 | 0.1907 | 0.258 | 1.006 | 10.983 (1) | <.001 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group | .353 | 0.3930 | –0.417 | 1.123 | 0.808 (1) | .37 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group | .407 | 0.2784 | –0.139 | 0.952 | 2.136 (1) | .14 | |
| mHealth (S) group | .914 | 0.7232 | –0.504 | 2.331 | 1.597 (1) | .21 | |
| mHealth (N) group | .061 | 0.3248 | –0.576 | 0.698 | 0.035 (1) | .85 | |
| Time=3 | –.338 | 0.2843 | –0.895 | 0.219 | 1.413 (1) | .24 | |
| Time=2 | –1.379 | 0.3081 | –1.983 | –0.776 | 20.049 (1) | <.001 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=3 | –.984 | 0.4479 | –1.862 | –0.106 | 4.826 (1) | .03 | |
| mHealth+I (S) group * Time=2 | –.166 | 0.6289 | –1.398 | 1.067 | 0.069 (1) | .79 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group * Time=3 | –.199 | 0.4045 | –0.992 | 0.594 | 0.242 (1) | .62 | |
| mHealth+I (N) group * Time=2 | .340 | 0.4699 | –0.581 | 1.261 | 0.525 (1) | .47 | |
| mHealth (S) group * Time=3 | –1.000 | 0.3481 | –1.683 | –0.318 | 8.258 (1) | .004 | |
| mHealth (S) group * Time=2 | –2.038 | 1.0763 | –4.148 | 0.071 | 3.587 (1) | .06 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=3 | –.427 | 0.4611 | –1.331 | 0.477 | 0.856 (1) | .36 | |
| mHealth (N) group * Time=2 | –.430 | 0.4905 | –1.391 | 0.532 | 0.768 (1) | .38 | |
aItalicized values are significant at P<.05.