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. 2023 May 16;30:100653. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100653

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© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Changes in the percentage of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 stratified by type of common infection. (a) ORs (95% CI) of percentage of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing overall and stratified by infection type immediately after start of COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (b) ORs (95% CI) of percentage of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing overall and stratified by infection type of monthly time trend during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR >1 indicates a recovery trend towards pre-pandemic level, OR <1 increasing differences with pre-pandemic level). Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; URTI, respiratory tract infection; UTI, urinary tract infection. Coded: Antibiotic prescription with same-day infection record in EHR. Uncoded: Antibiotic prescription without same-day infection record in EHR.